ASH-BARK BEETLE. 
5 
breeding galleries (see fig.); they were seldom more than three times 
as long as the beetle, and at the end of these tunnels the beetles 
appear to pass the winter. About the middle of February beetles had 
been found in them, some alive, though not active, and some dead; 
and the specimens of bark sent me on March 16th similarly contained 
Asli-bark Beetles in the borings, some alive, some dead. 
Hylesinus Feaxini. 
Workings of Ash-bark Beetle. 
Hybernation appears to begin towards the end of September, as 
on the 22nd of that month beetles were found making them way into 
healthy bark; and specimens were forwarded in which the beetles, 
then developing, instead of having escaped as usual by a hole through 
the bark at the end of the bores they had eaten out while maggots, 
were to be found turned in the other direction (in short borings, 
like the winter ones) into the solid wood. 
The beetles infest trees of all sizes for these winter tunnellings, 
and do much damage in the locality, as they work into healthy, as 
well as sickly, trees for this purpose; and though they for the most 
part bore into the bark round the base of dead branches or twigs, or 
into the young bark forming over the wounds caused by pruning, they 
do not confine their attacks to these places. They also often work 
their way into the bark by the side of dead leafless Ivy. 
On May 5th more specimens were forwarded to me, taken out of 
the tunnels where they had wintered in an Ash tree of about fifty 
years of age ; at this date the beetles were beginning to quit their 
winter quarters, possibly rather later than usual on account of the 
cold weather in April. 
Passing now from the winter borings to the breeding galleries, by 
May 24th the beetles were well at work at these; some had got the 
length of half an inch or more with their tunnels, and were now 
accompanied by their helpmates, and in some cases the pair were at 
