PINE-BUD TORTRIX MOTH. 
87 
than a diseased mass of broken matter and turpentine, and in several 
cases one of the largest of the cluster of buds was completely cleared 
out, so that the bud would break off to a touch, coming away like a 
hollow cap. 
Pine shoot injured by caterpillars of a Tortrix Moth ; Pine-bud Tortrix Moth, 
magnified; line showing nat. size.* 
Two brown chrysalids were still present, and in other buds, 
judging by their condition, the moth had only recently developed 
out of the chrysalis and left the hollow bud. 
With regard to their history, Mr. Coupar says that the moths 
lay their eggs around and about the buds of young Pines in summer 
and autumn. After a time these hatch, and the caterpillars from 
them eat their way into the bud at its base—that is, into the bud 
which has been formed for the following year. 
These caterpillars eat the whole inside from the bud, leaving 
nothing but a thin outside shell, and after they are full fed they 
turn to the chrysalis state within the bud they have thus hollowed 
out. From this the perfect moth comes out—in some cases seen 
by the observer—about the end of April or beginning of May, but 
in the present year some caterpillars were still unchanged towards 
the end of August. 
It is noted that the damage caused by these caterpillars may 
easily be known by the straggling appearance and loss of the regu¬ 
larity of growth of the trees from the injury to the buds and leading 
* The R. turionana has the fore-wings of a reddish or tawny orange, varied with 
silvery markings ; the hind wings a greyish tint; and the above observations of the 
date of the first appearance of the Moth seen by Mr. Coupar (which was confirmed 
by the state of the specimens sent) and mention of the caterpillar being seen in 
August point to the development extending over a longer time than is noted in the 
German forest observations. The only remedy known appears to be to cut off 
and destroy buds or shoots which from their external appearance are seen to be 
infested.— Ed. 
