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combine with whatever liquid may be used, the sulphur 
should be boiled with an alkali, and the recipe has been 
recommended : One pound of flour of sulphur and two 
pounds of fresh lime boiled together in four gallons of 
water ; or, to save the trouble of boiling, sulphuret of 
lime may be purchased and used thus : of this sulphuret 
take four ounces, soft-soap two ounces, to each gallon 
of hot water; the soap and sulphuret to be well mixed 
before the addition of the water, which is to be gradually 
poured on, the mixture being stirred during the time, 
when a uniform fluid will be obtained without sediment, 
which may be used when cool enough to bear the hand, 
and has been found to destroy insect pests effectually 
and quickly. This may be used as a syringing, or a dip 
for infested shoots, or well rubbed with a brush into 
infested bark. The mixture, like other soft-soap washes, 
may be thrown when requisite to a height of several 
yards by large garden-engines, such as are used in 
Hop-fields in England. If it is needed higher, and 
water and apparatus are attainable, trees of even 
considerable height may be “ washed” by the help of a 
fire-engine. I have had this done in England under 
special circumstances with great success. 
The following note by Mr. W. G. Klee, State Inspector 
of Fruit Pests in California, regards application of 
various forms of soft-soap wash for the extermination 
of the Australian Bug, or “ Cottony Cushion Scale,” as 
it is well named in California, on small evergreen trees, 
or on deciduous trees when out of leaf or lopped back 
to the main trunk or branches. [It will be observed 
that the ingredients of the wash that are given in full 
detail are especially directed to be boiled. Probably 
much danger and damage would be spared if attention 
was always directed to the point that soft-soap washes 
shoidd be raised to boiling-point in the process of mixing. 
—Ed.] Mr. Klee states :—“ For all deciduous trees . . . 
we recommend one-fourth of a pound of concentrated 
lye, one-fourth of a pound of whale-oil soap, to one 
gallon of water. Before treating the tree cut off the tops 
down to the main branches and burn them. 
