( 20 ) 
“ For evergreens tlie summer wash recommended last 
summer is useful, and will not hurt healthy foliage: 
dissolve 30 pounds whale-oil soap (80 per cent, soap at 
the most costing 5 cents per pound) in 60 gallons of 
water by heating the whole thoroughly. Boil 3 pounds 
of lye (American concentrated lye is what we have used) 
with 6 pounds of sulphur and a couple of gallons of 
water. When thoroughly dissolved it is a dark brown 
liquid (chemically sulphide of soda). Mix the two, the 
soap and the sulphide of soda, well, and allow them to 
boil for about half an hour, then add about 90 gallons of 
water to the mixture, and it is ready for use. 
“ Apply it warm, at about 130° Fakr., by means of a 
spray-pump. Used warm its effect is better, and less 
material is required than when cold. It must, however, 
be remembered that the minute scales are especially 
numerous on the under side of leaves. This fact makes 
the extermination on a large tree in full foliage almost 
impossible. Only small trees may be successfully treated 
in this way. Large trees must be either deprived of 
their foliage or cut down to a few limbs. 
“Neither of these methods can be safely applied on 
tender trees during a season when sharp frost may be 
looked for. A spraying should, however, be done, as it 
will check their spread most effectually. 
“ Too great pains cannot be taken in removing infected 
limbs, as the insect spreads often in this way. A canvas 
should be spread under the trees so that none of the insects 
can escape * When the tree has been treated spread hot 
ashes around its base, and apply tight-fitting bands 
smeared with a greasy substance around the trunk to 
prevent any insects reascending.”—W. G. Klee, Inspector 
of Fruit T rees.t 
* The point of spread of the pest being likely to be encouraged, rather 
than checked, by infested boughs being removed without due care as to 
what becomes of the dislodged and shaken-off insects, is so important 
that I have given it in italics. —Ed. 
+ Bulletin No. 4 of State Board of Horticulture of California. Winter 
washes recommended by the State Inspector of Fruit Pests. Sacramento, 
State Office, 1887. 
