5 
harm in their F7y-state as bloocl-suckers. The proboscis 
encloses an apparatus of sharp lancet-like points, with 
which the female pierces the skin and draws away the 
blood of the attacked animals ; and here yon have a 
Ox Gad Fly, Tabanus bovinus, and side view, with lancets extended. 
good reason for keeping the name of “ Gad Fly ” solely 
to this family ; its mouth is filled with a packet of most 
effective gads or goads , which distinguish it clearly if 
seen, and if not seen, may be often known of by the 
blood flowing from the puncture on the animal. 
Further, the Gad Fly maggots live, as far as we know, 
in the ground or decaying vegetables, not in animals. 
In the case of the Ox Gad Fly, Tabanus bovinus , as 
observed by DeGeer, the grubs or maggots are long, 
worm-like, narrowest at each end, footless, but having a 
distinct head, and the chrysalis is somewhat in shape 
like the maggot much shortened, and showing the shape 
of the coming wings. As I have not a figure of these 
conditions I give a very similar set of transformations 
from the figure by Prof. Biley, of those of the great 
