19 
alum dissolved in water, pickling brine applied as a 
wash to the back two or three times in the season, 
quassia in water, guano as a wash, or mixed with clay 
and water, have all been well recommended. A mixture 
of flour of sulphur with a very small quantity of spirits 
of tar in train-oil, applied once a week with a small 
brush along the animal’s back, has been found to answer 
well. The smell drives off the Flies, and the animals 
are left in peace. 
Anything that will make the coat unfit for laying 
on, without hurting the animal, will serve the purpose, 
and the stronger and more repulsive the smell the better; 
but the great difficulty throughout is to get deterrents 
used. The matter (as far as I know it) is much too little 
thought of until the egg-laying has begun. Say or do 
what we will I believe an enormous proportion of the 
cattle will not have the least thing done for their pro¬ 
tection from attack, and therefore the next point is what 
I desire most especially to draw your attention to. 
We want to know how early in its life we can get 
access to the maggot in the wai'ble, so as to destroy it 
before it has caused months of suffering and injury to 
the cattle, and also permanent damage to the hide. We 
know well that in the late winter or spring months the 
warble is noticeable as a swelling, with an opening 
through which the maggot may be squeezed out, or it 
may be pricked, stabbed, or poisoned,—destroyed, in 
short, in many ways in the warble,—and, so far as it 
goes, this is eminently desirable to do, for each maggot 
killed before it turns to a Fly prevents a future family; 
but besides, it is wanted to be known, or, if known, to 
be brought forward, what time (how early in the winter 
or previous autumn) the first swelling and ulceration and 
consequent bursting of the skin of the warble takes place, 
which gives us means of easily killing the young maggot 
within. 
Up to this time, according to the anatomical investi¬ 
gation published by Dr. Friedrich Brauer, the maggots 
of this genus of Bot Flies lie completely free in the sub- 
