22 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
September 8, 1894. 
beautiful metallic-copper of Lady Penzance, and 
many more shades. Imagine plants some 12 ft. to 
15 ft. high, very dense, and clothed with trusses of 
these sweetly-scented garden Roses. 
A very large number of Roses that may perhaps 
be heard of yet are perforce omitted from this list, 
but I must not close without a word for Paul s 
Carmine Pillar, a most intense crimson and carmine, 
and a prodigious grower. A hybrid Tea called 
Marquis of Salisbury is too old for this list, but is 
one of our very best dwarf crimson Roses of semi¬ 
double form.— A. P. 
-- 
TRENCH DIGGING. 
This common place operation is sometimes done in 
a manner that is attended with results which are 
far from satisfactory, and mainly so because in doing 
it too much of the raw unfertile subsoil is brought to 
the surface. In this, nothing will grow till it either 
gets enriched by having heavy dressings of manure 
incorporated in it, or a portion of the top spit is again 
brought to the surface. Where soils'are shallow and 
it is desired to increase the depth of the staple, it 
may be done gradually by trenching the soil every 
two or three years and bringing about a couple of 
inches of the subsoil to the surface each time it is 
trenched. Break up the bottoms of the trenches 
well with a fork ; this results in the mixing of the 
better soil with the crude earth at the bottom of the 
trench, and together with breaking it up makes it in 
a better condition for bringing it to the surface at the 
next trenching. All old Cabbage stalks and any other 
vegetable matter buried in the bottom of the 
trenches will gradually decay and be a storehouse of 
food, which the roots of the crops will lay hold of, 
and will often help them considerably during a 
drought, and during heavy rains renders tenacious 
soils much easier to work, because they help to drain 
away the excessive moisture.— W.B.G. 
ORCHID NOTES AND GLEANINGS. 
The undermentioned Orchids were certificated at 
the meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society, on 
the 28th ult. 
Cypripedium James Veitch, Nov. hyb.— This 
grand Cypripedium is well worthy of its parentage, 
namely C. Curtisii as the seed bearer crossed with 
the pollen of C. Stonei platytaenum. The effect of 
the former is seen in the one-flowered condition of 
the dwarf scapes; in the upper sepal, which is ovate 
and creamy shaded with green along the centre and 
furnished with numerous lines of dark purple spots ; 
and in the shape of the lip which is dark purple. 
Even in those characters however the effect of both 
parents can be traced, for the lines of the upper 
sepal are green in C. Curtisii. The effect of C. 
Stonei platytaenium is more decidedly evident in 
the petals which are oblong or strap-shaped, 4^ in. 
long by f in. wide, white tinted with pale green, and 
densely spotted all over with crimson purple except 
at the tips. They are also strongly ciliated on both 
edges with long, black hairs and have a thin line of 
black warts along the upper edge. The staminode 
is reniform, pale and netted with green in the centre. 
The leaves are oblong and pale grayish green, faintly 
tessellated with darker markings. Altogether it is 
very handsome and valuable. First-class Certificate. 
Exhibited by Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea. 
Cattleya hybrida Kienastiana, Nov. hyb .—The 
large flowers and soft, pleasing colours of this 
hybrid, render it very choice and handsome. The 
seed parent was C. speciosissima and the pollen 
bearer C. Dowiana aurea. At present the pseudo¬ 
bulbs are 3 in. to 6 in. long, slender and com¬ 
pressed, and the leathery, oblong leaves, dark 
green. The sepals are soft pink, while the elliptic 
petals are wavy at the edges, and slightly darker but 
still of a soft, clear pink. The terminal lobe of the 
lip is very wavy and rich purple with a lilac edge ex¬ 
tending round the margins of the side lobes with a 
rosy border. The orange yellow eye spots are here 
of great size and extend across the lip meeting in the 
centre, and also covering a large area of the side 
lobes. The interior of the tube is crimson with radi¬ 
ating pale yellow lines. First-class Certificate. 
Exhibited by Messrs. F. Sander and Co., St. 
Albans. 
Habenaria Susannae.—This beautiful species 
was originally introduced from India in 1834, and 
has received other names, such as H. gigantea and 
Platanthera Susannae. The upper sepal is roundly 
oblong, reflexed at the sides and pure white ; the 
lateral ones are creamy, reflexed behind and rolled 
together. The petals are linear, very small and 
white. The lip is the most imposing organ, deeply 
three-lobed and pure white ; the lateral lobes are 
fan-shaped, and deeply cut into long, narrow fringes 
while the middle lobe is oblong, narrow and undivided. 
The stem is about 20 in. high with oblong-lanceolate 
stalkless deep green leaves on its lower half and 
smaller ones upward. First-class Certificate Ex¬ 
hibited by Messrs. F. Sander and Co. 
Laelia elegans noblis, Nov. var. —The sepals of 
this fine variety are dark purple with a few crimson 
spots towards the top. The petals are similar in 
colour with a few spots near the edges. The lip has 
a pale or creamy tube, deepening to rose at the 
margins ; the side lobes are obliquely triangular and 
deep purple on the inner face; the middle lobe is 
cuneate with a broad claw, deep crimson-purple with 
a narrow rosy margin, and the darker colour runs 
down with a band to the base of the tube. The 
young leaves are spotted with purple but this may 
not be constant. Award of Merit. Exhibited by 
Messrs. F. Sander and Co. 
Saccolabium coeleste Superb, Nov.var. —The 
sepals and petals of this beautiful variety are white, 
tipped with blue. The lamina of the lip 
is of an intense and rich blue, while the 
hooked spur is blue at the tip. The true 
name of this should be Rhynchostylis coelestis 
Superb. In the typical form the tip only of the lip 
is rich indigo-blue, the lower half being white. 
Award of Merit. Exhibited by Messrs. Hugh Low 
and Co., Clapton. 
Cypripedium, The Pard. Nov. hyb. —The 
parents of this hybrid were C. concolor and possibly 
C. superbiens, the former being the seed bearer. The 
upper sepal is round, tinted with green along the 
centre and dotted with purple in faint lines. The 
petals are oblong, blunt, punctate with crimson- 
purple and slightly tinted with pink on a white 
ground. The lip is white, tinted with pale purple in 
front and deeper round the edges of the pouch and 
more so on the infolded sides of the claw. The 
staminode is reniform and purple, netted with deep 
green in the centre. The leaves are similar to those 
of C. concolor, deep green above, aud tessellated 
with gray but wholly green beneath. Award of 
Merit, Exhibited by Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., 
(grower Mr. W. H. White), Burford Lodge 
Dorking. 
Chondrorhyncha Chestertonii.— This curious 
but pretty Orchid was first described by ReicheDbach, 
in 1879. The narrow leaves arise directly from a 
fibrous rootstock. The pointed sepals are narrow, 
somewhat twisted and pale yellow, while the petals 
are oblong-elliptic, fimbriate, erect and parallel with 
the column and pale primrose. The lip has an erect, 
thickened yellow base, spotted with Grimson 
especially in a transverse band in front of the three- 
ridged crest; the rest of it is reflexed and constricted 
in the middle, making the whole organ somewhat 
fiddle shaped, and deeply lacerated in to branching 
fringes all round the sides. All this upper portion 
is thin and of the palest primrose. The species is 
very closely allied to C. fimbriata. Botanical Certifi¬ 
cate. Exhibited by Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart. 
Cattleya Hardyana Selwood, var, Noy. var. — 
The sepals of this handsome Cattleya are rose. The 
petals are slightly folded along the middle, crisped 
and wavy at the edges, bright rose, and marked with 
slender forking white veins. The large lip is very 
wavy at the margin, intense crimson and paler to¬ 
wards the edges; the golden eye spots are large and 
prominent the tube is deep purple externally and lined 
with yellow on a crimson ground internally. Award 
of Merit. Exhibited by G. D. Owen, Esq., (gardener 
Mr. Mark Watts), Selwood, Rotherham. 
Laelia elegans Oweniae. Nov var. —The sepals 
of this variety are dull, deep purple, but the petals 
are much brighter in hue. The terminal and side 
lobes of the lip are rich crimson purple, but the tube 
is white both outside and in. Award of Merit. A 
large plant with stems about 2J ft. high and bearing 
seven flowers in a raceme, was exhibited by G. D. 
Owen, Esq. 
Dendrobium album.—Lindley’s name of D. 
aqueum is held by many to be the correct name of 
this plant, which was originally introduced from 
Bombay in 1841. The flowers are moderate in size 
and white with exception of a small yellow spot on 
the lip. By way of compensation for their size they 
are developed in company with the leaves. 
Botanical Certificate. Exhibited by Thos. Statter, 
Esq., (gardener Mr. R. Johnson), Stand Hall, 
Manchester. 
THE FLOWER GARDEN. 
Cleanliness should now be the order of the day in 
this department. Nothing detracts so much from 
the beauty of good plants as unfavourable surround¬ 
ings, and the presence of weeds and decaying leaves 
are of all circumstances the most unfavourable. 
Where practicable it is advisable to pull the larger 
weeds out by hand. A Dutch hoe may then be used 
for the smaller ones and in places where hand pick¬ 
ing is not possible. Attention should be paid to the 
cutting of the grass edges. If left too long it soon 
becomes a matter of difficulty to use the edging- 
shears, and weedy, untidy flower beds and walks 
will be the inevitable result. The mowing-machine 
and the scythe too will need to be kept pretty 
frequently in use. 
Dahlias and Perennial Asters should be looked 
after for staking. Their growth is very rank this 
season, and in the case of heavy storms of rain and 
rough winds visiting us (which they generally do 
during the autumn months), they will be sure to 
suffer if not properly secured. 
Cuttings of Pelargoniums, Calceolarias, etc., 
should by this time have been taken. Give the 
beds a good overhauling and remove old blooms and 
decaying and yellow leaves. This will preserve 
their beauty for some weeks to come, always 
supposing King Frost does not make his appearance, 
which he generally does before the close of 
September. 
Fresh turf may now be laid if required. The 
warm dewy nights so common in September are 
especially favourable to its growth, and if the 
operation be properly performed it will get well- 
established by the time winter makes its presence 
felt in earnest. 
Such bulbs as Scillas and Narcissi maybe planted 
in lawns and shrubberies. Batches of these beauti¬ 
ful children of spring peeping up through the grass 
at the commencement of the year form very pleasing 
objects for the eye to rest upon, and when thus 
planted give little or no trouble as they practically 
take care of themselves. When planting a hole may 
be made in the turf with a crowbar, a little fine soil 
dropped in, the bulb placed on the top, afterwards 
filling up with soil. 
Hardy Fernery.— Every garden should boast of 
a place particularly devoted to the culture of hardy 
Ferns. Amongst the hundreds of kinds which are 
perfectly hardy with us may be found very many 
that for difference of colour and variety of cutting 
quite equal those of warmer climes. Those who 
are the proud possessors of a hardy Fernery may 
take advantage of the present time to make any 
necessary alteration or to shift any plants thought 
necessary. A top dressing of old leaf soil may be 
given with advantage, for although Ferns will exist 
under very unfavourable conditions, they respond 
readily to generous treatment, and always repay any 
extra trouble that may be taken with them by in¬ 
creased beauty. A sufficiency of water is the great 
essential to success in the culture of hardy Ferns. 
THE HARDY FRUIT GARDEN, 
Apples and Pears.— Attention must be paid to the 
gathering of such fruit as is fit. Care should be 
taken when picking, that none of the fruits are 
bruised. A little hay, clean straw, or dry moss, 
should be laid on the bottoms of the baskets and the 
fruit should be carefully laid in. The baskets should 
not be filled too full before they are emptied, as 
bruising is often caused by this means, especially if 
the fruit be very ripe. It is also advisable to place 
a layer of hay upon the shelves of the store house, 
which are to receive the fruit. 
Protection should be afforded those trees whose 
fruit is not yet ripe. Where practicable, trees 
should be netted over to preserve their crops from 
the ravages of birds, which are very fond of pecking 
holes in both Apples and Pears,—the finest fruit too 
always falling victims. Traps may be set for wasps 
by hanging up bottles containing some sweet mix¬ 
ture (sugar and water or sugar and vinegar are as 
good as anything) in the branches of the trees. All 
nests must be destroyed as soon as discovered. The 
existence of every wasp's nest means the destruction 
of many a pound of good fruit, consequently the 
destruction of each nest means the preservation of 
much that would otherwise be destroyed. Earwigs 
