September 8, 1894. 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
29 
neat fashion. Altogether this class was the most 
effective of any of the type in the show. A large 
collection of hardy herbaceous plants was exhibited 
by Messrs. J. Laing & Sons, Forest Hill, including 
Pentstemons, Phloxes, Asters, and Lilies, also 
Dahlias and Roses, for which they received a Silver- 
gilt Medal. Messrs. S. Spooner & Sons, Hounslow, 
had an exhibit of Apples, Pears, and Plums, the 
first-mentioned being very well represented and in 
good condition. A Silver Medal was awarded. A 
collection of Quilled Asters exhibited by Mr. R. 
Dean, Ranelagh Road, Ealing, W., was highly com¬ 
mended. The varieties were very neat and varied. 
A Silver Medal was awarded to Mr. E. F. Such for 
a collection of Dahlias and Chrysanthemums. 
-- 
Quescions md msojgrs, 
Orchid Plates.— IV. T., Leeds : The address 
you require is Messrs. H. M. Pollitt and Co., 42 and 
48, Fann Street, Aldersgate Street, E.C. You can 
also get plates from The Garden office, 37 Southamp¬ 
ton Street, Strand, W.C., and Messrs. Lovell Reeve 
and Co., Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, W.C.- 
Fruit Evaporators.— C. H. Slater: 1. Write for 
particulars to Mr. F. E. Clotten, 258, High Holborn, 
London, W.C., and Messrs. Ph. Mayfarth & Co., 
16, Mincing Lane, LondoD, E.C. 2 and 3. We have 
no information on these questions that would be of 
any value to you. The possibilities of the trade 
have not yet bean sufficiently determined. 
Names of Plants. — J. G. W : 1, Dracaena not 
recognised ; 2, Caragnato Zahnii; 3, not recog¬ 
nized ; 4, Begonia coccinea ; 5, ii, 12, 13, Crotons 
not recognized; 6, Begonia conchaefolia; 7, Drac¬ 
aena striata-rosea ; 8, Croton aneitense; 9, Nephro- 
dium setigerum; 10, Maranta Leitzii; 14, not 
recognized. It is almost impossible to name Cro¬ 
tons from a single leaf, because they vary so much 
on the same plant.— W. Milne : 1, Oenothera 
fruticosa Youngii; 2, Solidago canadensis; 3, 
Helianthus decapatulus probably, specimen insuffi¬ 
cient ; 4, Potentilla argyrophylla var; 5, Lychnis 
Chalcedonica; 6, Hypericum quadrangulum, 7, 
Pulmonaria saccharata ; 8, Epimedium pinnatum ; 
9, Alyssum saxatile ; 10, Hibiscus syriacus ; 11, no 
specimen ; 12, Plumbago capensis ; 13, Bougainvilla 
glabra.— W.C.G. : 1, Lysimachia ephemerum ; 2, 
Physostegia virginiana ; 3, Pulmonaria saccharata ; 
4, Pulmonaria saccharata or a slight variety of it,— 
Wtn. Ogg: 1, Bocconia cordata; 2, Asplenium Ruta- 
muraria ; 3, Hypnum sp ; but we cannot undertake to 
name mosses.— P.M. : 1, Hemerocallis fulva flora 
pleno ; 2, Hypericum calycinum ; 3, Humulus japoni- 
cus variegatus; 4, Sempervivum Dorame; 5, 
Cryptogramme crispa also known as Allosorus ; 6, 
Sibthorpia peregrina; 7, Croton Baron Rothschild 
apparently, but if so is badly coloured. 
Collections of Fruit Trees.— Amateur : You do 
not tell us at what reason you want them to ripen, 
whether in succession or at any given period. The 
following Peaches are six of the best for small collec¬ 
tions, and ripen in the order named :—Alexander, 
Early Rivers, Doctor Hogg, Grosse Mignonne, 
Noblesse, and Bellegarde. The following excellent 
Pears ripen in succession :—Jargonelle, Williams, 
Bon Chretien, Beurre d’Amanlis, Louise Bonne of 
Jersey, Marechal de Cour, and Easter Beurre. You 
can hardly keep up a constant supply with six 
varieties, but the above will cover a period from 
August to April. July Green Gage, Denniston’s 
Superb, Green Gage, Purple Gage, Jefferson and 
Coe's Golden Drop are all excellent dessert Plums, 
keeping up a supply from July to the end of Septem¬ 
ber. Amongst Cherries, Early Purple Gean, Black 
Tartarian, May Duke, Elton, and Bigarreau are 
choice varieties giving a succession from June to 
August, For culinary purposes or for dessert when 
dead ripe, the Morello should be included. The 
following dessert Apples usually bear well and are 
excellent in quality ;—Devonshire Quarrenden, 
Gravenstein, Cox’s Orange Pippin, Ribston Pippin, 
Lord Burghley and Boston Russet. Should you 
desire Apples, Pears, Plums or Cherries for cooking 
purposes more especially we could name them if so 
desired. 
Lifting Lilium candidum. — IV. G .: You cannot 
lift the bulbs too soon when the leaves on the old 
stems have mostly withered, because the new bulbs 
commence to develop roots directly, and with the 
autumn rains the winter leaves appear. By that 
time the roots are so numerous and so long that they 
cannot be lifted without breaking many of them. 
Your object then should be to move them when the 
roots are but yet as little developed as possible. No 
advantage is gained by keeping the bulbs for a single 
day out of the ground, as the young roots get dried 
up and the strength of the bulbs is wasted. The 
vigorous development of the winter leaves, is essen¬ 
tial to the well-being of the Lily, and the chances of 
its flowering well next year. When planting, 
whether in clumps or lines, plenty of space should 
be left between every two bulbs for the off sets to 
grow without being disturbed for some years, as this 
particular species dislikes being disturbed very 
frequently at the rcot. 
Bedding Violas. — J. Herd : Being perfectly 
hardy they require no protection in winter as far as 
mere frost and snow are concerned. The practice 
of putting the cuttings into frames in the autumn 
has several advantages to recommend it. Near 
smoky towns a glass covering serves to keep off the 
sooty deposit from the atmosphere. Secondly the 
soil does not get beaten hard with the action of rain, 
and a little protection serves to hasten growth, and 
earlier flowering. All this however, will greatly 
depend upon the climatic conditions, the surround¬ 
ings, and the soil of your neighbourhood. We should 
advise you to make a trial under glass in winter, and 
in the open air to determine which method gives the 
best results. 
Belladonna.— J. Stubbs : The berries are indeed 
highly poisonous, so that the plant should be grown 
somewhere out of the reach of children, or the 
berries may be pulled off while they are still green 
and not offering any temptation. The plant in itself 
is very quaint and old fashioned and doubtless earned 
its reputation chiefly from its medicinal properties, 
but still continues to find a place in collections of 
medicinal plants. It must be acknowledged that the 
plant is in its most ornamental condition when well 
furnished with glossy blackberries, so that you must 
at least guard it at that period from being meddled 
with by the inexperienced. 
Propagating Aubrietas.— IV. Cuff : Spring or 
early summer is the usual time for propagating these 
useful, spring-flowering subjects; but they are very 
accommodating and may be increased at various 
periods of summer, but more particulary when the 
moisture is sufficient to cause vigorous growth. The 
plants may be divided now if you have a border 
where they would not be exposed to much sunshine 
till re established, or you may take cuttings and 
place them in cold frames, inserting them in boxes of 
light, sandy soil. Keep the frames close for a time 
to hasten the rooting process, and should the autumn 
prove mild you may plant them in the open ground 
before winter. The plants cannot be of great size 
nor particularly serviceable for bedding purposes 
next spring, although they might be utilised if 
planted thickly. The method, however, offers a 
ready means cf getting up stock, and if properly 
looked after, would in many cases be large enough 
for division next autumn. 
Diseased Tomatos.—S. Warren : The complaint 
you makeisaverycommononethisyear, and islargely 
due to the wet nature of the season coupled with the 
conditions of culture. When grown under glass, 
Tomatos require to be kept as dry as possible. 
When grown in pots a good deai of watering is 
necessary to keep up the vigour of the plants, but 
when planted out this may be reduced to a minimum 
after the plants have made a good start. Atmos¬ 
pheric moisture, on the other hand, should be avoided 
even in the early condition of the plants, as it has a 
tendency to make the leaves thin and very easily 
attacked by the disease. The fungus in this par¬ 
ticular case is Cladosporium fulvum and cannot be 
eradicated when once established. You may 
remove and burn the worst leaves, and many of the 
fruits will yet ripen. Next year try the method of 
prevention by giving plenty of ventilation and by 
keeping the atmosphere dry at least after the plants 
are established. 
Nettles diseased. — W.B.G. : The specimens 
last sent were those of the common Nettle (Urtica 
dioica). The bulk of the leaves were black as well 
as the fruits; but as far as we can judge from 
appearances, the dark colour is due to the exudations 
and excrement of aphides or insects allied to them, 
and not to a fungus as the origin of the evil. We 
did find a few patches of mould on the under side 
of a few leaves, but they appeared to be more the 
result of decay than real attack. Moulds and other 
matters also grow on the upper surface of Rose 
leaves that have been badly affected with Aphides, 
and get covered with their black excrement. The 
Nettles seem evidently a similar case for the filth is 
chiefly confined to the upper surface. If the fungus 
of the Potato disease were in the leaves, it would 
cause them to shrivel up and rot directly. With 
exception of a few holes like the punctures of insects, 
the leaves are not in any way broken down. 
Vines in rainy weather.— Omega ; So long as 
ripe grapes are hanging, our chief object should be 
to expel damp to prevent the grapes from getting 
mouldy and damping. A little heat in the pipes is 
necessary on such occasions, but particularly at 
night. The most of the ventilation or all of it in wet 
weather should be given at the top so that the 
vapour may escape. A little bottom ventilation may 
be given during the day provided it is not raining, 
and the air is not saturated with fog or vaporous 
moisture. The amount of ventilation required will 
always be determined by the condition of the atmos¬ 
phere for the time being ; it is a matter for the 
judgment of those on the spot and in charge of the 
houses. Even in the wettest times, the damp may 
be dispelled by gentle fire heat and top air, so long 
as the rain does not come in heavily at the venti¬ 
lator. The roots will require water to prevent the 
ripe berries from shrivelling, but wait always until the 
border gets dry. Choose a fine day for the operation. 
Names of Fruits.— Jos. Holmes :—The Fruits are 
all immature, and it would be unsafe to try to 
identify them in such a condition. 
Communications Received. —G. J. I.—A. N.— 
W. H. E.—E. M.—H. J. L.-D. W. T.—D. P. L — 
W. I.—W. C.—J. B.—G. P.—H. W. 
--j-- 
TRADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
W. Drummond & Sons, Stirling, N. B.—Bulbous 
Flower Roots. 
Fotheringham & King, Dumfries, N. B. 
Lord & Burnham Co., Irvington-on-Hudson, 
New York.—Conservatories, Greenhouses, Heating 
appliances, etc. 
W. Clibran & Son, Oldfield Nurseries, 
Altrincham.—Bulb Catalogue for 1894. 
David W, Thomson, 25 Frederick Street, 
Edinburgh.—Dutch Bulbs and other Flower Roots. 
Fisher, Son & Sibray, Handsworth Nurserifs, 
Sheffield.—Bulbs and Flower Roots. 
W. P. Laird & Sinclair, Dundee.—Spring 
Flowering Roots for Autumn Planting. 
Edward Webb & Sons, Wordsley, Stourbridge.— 
Dutch and other Bulbs. 
Dobie & Dicks, 66 , Deansgate, Manchester.— 
Dutch Bulbs, and other flowering Roots. 
Robert Sydenham. —Tenby Street, Birmingham, 
Unique seed list. 
-* » - 
LONDON SEED TRADE. 
September 4th, 1894. 
Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152, Houndsditch, and 
39, Seed Market, Mark Lane, report a small 
demand for Trifolium incarnatum. New English 
Winter Tares and Rye offer on easier terms Mus¬ 
tard and Rape steady. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET. 
September 5th, 1894. 
Fruit.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s. d s . d . 
Apples.per bushel 30 50 
Cherries, per hit. sieve 0 o 00 
Cob Nuts and Fil¬ 
berts, per 100 lbs.20 o 21 o 
Grapes, per lb. 06 16 
Melons .each 10 20 
s. d . s . d . 
Peaches & Nectarines, 
per doz. 20 80 
Pine apples. 
—St. Michael's, each 26 60 
Plums .half Sieve 09 13 
Strawberries, per lb. 0 0 00 
Vegetables.—Average Retail Prices. 
t . d . s . d . 
ArtlchokesGlobedoz. 30 60 
Beans, French, perlb. 03 04 
Beet.per dozen 20 30 
Cabbages ... per doz. 1626 
Carrots ... per bunch 0 6 
Carrots, 
Cauliflowers, Eng.dz. 30 60 
Celery.per bundle 16 20 
Cucumbers .each 04 08 
Endive, French, doz. 26 30 
Herbs .per bunch 02 06 
1 . d . t . d . 
Horse Radish, bundle 20 40 
Lettuces ...per dozen 20 30 
Mushrooms, p. basket 10 16 
Onions.per bunch 04 06 
Parsley ... per bunch 0 6 
Radishes... per dozen 1 6 
Seakale...per basket 00 00 
Smallsalading,punnet 0 4 
Spinach per bushel 3 0 
Tomatos. perlb. 06 08 
Turnips.per bun. 0 6 
Plants in Pots.—Average Wholesale Prices 
t . d . 1. d . 
Aspidistra, per doz 18 0 42 o 
—specimenplants,each5 o 15 o 
Balsums. per doz. 30 60 
Cockscombs, per doz. 26 40 
Campanula, per doz. 60 90 
Cyperus .per doz. 4 0 12 0 
Chrysanthemums, 
per doz. 4 0 15 o 
Dracaena term., doz. 18 0 36 0 
Dracaena viridis.doz. 9 0 18 0 
Evergreens,invar.doz 6 o 24 o 
Ferns, invar.,per doz. 30 80 
t . d . 1 d . 
Ferns, small, per 100 30 60 
Foliage Plants, doz. 12 0 60 0 
Heliotrope...per doz. 30 60 
Hydrangea...per doz. 9 0 18 0 
Marguerites, perdoz. 60120 
Mignonette, per doz 30 60 
.Palms in variety,each 2 6 10 0 
Palms, Specimen ... 15 0 63 o 
Pelargoniums,per dz. 6 o 90 
—scarlet.per doz...3 060 
Rhodanthes, per doz.4 o 60 
Cut Flowers.—Average Wholesale Prices, 
s . d . s. d . 
Arum Lilies. I2blms, 20 30 
Asters, English, doz. 
bchs. 30 60 
Asters,French,perbch.o 610 
Bcuvardias, per bun. 06 10 
Carnations...per doz. 06 10 
Carnation, doz. bchs. 20 40 
Chrysanthemums, 
doz. blooms 06 10 
,, doz. bunches 30 60 
Cornflower, doz.bchs. 10 20 
Eucharis ...per doz. 10 20 
Forget-me-Not, 
doz. bchs. 10 20 
Gardenias 12 blooms 1030 
Heliotropes, 12 sprays 03 06 
Lilium Harrisii, 
doz. blooms 20 40 
/. d . s . d . 
Lilium speciosum 
doz. blms. 10 16 
MaldenhairFern,i2bs.3 060 
Marguerites, 12 bun. 20 40 
Mignonette... 12 bun. 10 30 
Orchid Bloom in var. 
per bloom, from 03 10 
Pelargoniums 12 sps. 04 06 
— scarlet.12 bchs. 20 40 
Poppies ...doz. bchs. 06 10 
Pyrethrum doz. bun. 2040 
Primula, double, bun. 06 10 
Roses .doz. bchs. 30 90 
Roses, yellow, dozen 20 a 0 
— Red.doz. blms. 06 10 
— Saffrano...per doz. 10 16 
— Tea.per dozen 06 20 
Sweet Sultan doz bchs 1 u 20 
Tuberoses, per doz 04 06 
OOISTTSaSTTS. 
PAGE 
Apple crop of Nova Scotia 20 
Artichokes, Globe,.23 
Autumn flowers, .20 
Berry-bearing Alder, The ...28 
Bouvardias outside,.28 
Cattleya hybrida Kienas- 
tiana, .22 
Cherry trees on the house 
tops .23 
Chondrarhyncha Chester- 
tonii, .22 
Cypripedium, The Pard, ...22 
Cypripedium, James H. 
Veitch, .22 
Evolution, another theory of 19 
Felling trees with electricity 23 
Flower Garden, The.2 2 
Forests, Preservation of, ...27 
Fruit, under Glass .23 
Gardener’s duty, A.26 
Gardening Miscellany, .28 
Hardy flowers, transplanting 
of, .21 
Hardy Fruit Garden, The ...22 
PAGE 
Hoya Carnosa .27 
I Lilium Henryi .27 
I Lonsdale, Mr. Edwin .25 
Lycoris aurea.28 
j Mummy Pea .23 
i Nitrates in Egypt.23 
j Orchid Notes and Gleanings22 
i Plague of Caterpillars, A.23 
Plants Certificated in Hol- 
; land .20 
Plants, Hardy, in Fiower ...24 
Plants Recently Certificated2o 
Pots, large v. small .28 
Roses, new, of 1893-94.21 
Royal Aquarium Snow .28 
Science Gleanings.23 
j Senecis Galpinii .27 
Society of American Florists25 
Sweet Pea, Origin ot .24 
Tomato Notes. . .21 
Trench digging .22 
Vegetable Garden, the.23 
Walk in the Country, A .24 
Weeds .26 
