November 10, 1894, 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
163 
JAPANESE CHRYSANTHEMUMS. 
“The Finest Show in the World.” 
Arranged in one of the Best Show Houses in the Kingdom. No other Chrysanthemum Specialist has 
anything to compare with it. 
Novelties from Japan, America, the Continent, and the cream of the English. Also 8oo Seedlings, 
raised entirely from Seed, hybridised and saved in the Nursery. The whole forming the most complete 
trial of Novelties in existence. 
Worth going miles to see. The Exhibition is open daily (Sundays excepted). 
W. J. GODFREY, THE NURSERIES, EXMOUTH, DEVON. 
’ FOR PLEASURE AND PROFIT 
[cD 
> . NOTHING SO PROFITABLE 
S W. AND EASY TO GROW, 
i/ i.ijfhty Acres in Stock. 
— 
THE BEST PROCURABLE. 
Lists Free. 
HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS. 
Bushes in variety. Packing and 
Carriage Free, for cash with order. 
8s. perdoz., 60 §• per 100. 
All other Nursery Stock 
carriage forward. 
IN POTS From 15/- a doz. 
Ornamental Trees, 91 Acres. 
Four Acres of Glass. 
Clematis (80,000) from 15/= 
per doz. 
N.B.—Single Plants are sold at 
slightly increased prices. 
GENERAL CATALOGUE 
(164 pages) of Nursery Stock, 
artistically produced, containing 
some hundreds of illustrations, 
and full of valuable infoimation, 
sent free. 
RICHARD SMITH Worcester 
SPECIAL CULTURE 
OF 
FRUIT TREES & R OSES. 
A Large and Select Stock is now offered for Sale. 
The Illustrated and Descriptive Catalogue of Fruits post free 
The Descriptive Catalogue of Roses post free. 
THOMAS RIVERS & SON, 
The Nurseries , SA WBRIDGEWORTH , Herts. 
CHRYSANTHEMUMS 
NORMAN DAVIS has much pleasure 
in announcing that his new Catalogue of 
Chrysanthemums is now ready, and can 
be had free by post. This Catalogue is 
issued simply as a guide, such as a Cata¬ 
logue should be, and will be found com¬ 
prehensive and useful. You are welcome to 
a copy, even if not a purchaser. 
NORMAN DAVIS, 
Chrysanthemum Nurseries, 
LILFORD ROAD, CAMBERWELL, LONDON, S.E. 
ORCHIDS. 
Clean Healthy Plants at Low Prices. 
Always worth a visit of inspection. Kindly send for Catalogue. 
JAMES CYPHER, 
Exotic Nnrseries, CHELTENHAM. 
For Index to Contents see page 174. 
“ Gardening Is the purest of human pleasures, and the greatest 
refreshment to the spirit of man.”— Bacon. 
NEXT WEEK'S ENGAGEMENTS. 
Monday, Nov. 12th.—Bulb Sale at Protheroe & Morris 
Rooms, and every day in the week. 
Tuesday, Nov. 13th.—Chrysanthemum Shows at Farnham, 
Yeovil, Loughton, Horsham, Southampton, Ipswich, 
ClevedOD, Belfast, Great Yarmouth, Kingston, Plymouth. 
Royal Horticultural Society: meeting of Committees at 12 
o’clock. 
Sale of Mexican Orchids at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. 
Wednesday, Nov. nth.—Chrysanthemum Shows at Windsor, 
Reading, Banbury, Wimbledon, Cheltenham, Reading 
Lewes, Barnsley, Hartlepool, East Finchley, Cardiff! 
Castletown, Jersey, Dartford, Tonbridge, Southgate, 
Worthing, Canterbury, Hereford, Rugby, South Shields, 
R.H.S.of Ireland, Stoke Newington, Tamworth,Aylesbury, 
Birmingham, Bristol, Hull, Tunbridge Wells, Faversham, 
York. 
Sale of Lily Bulbs, Plants, &c., at Protheroe & Morris’ Rooms. 
Thursday, Nov. 15th.—Chrysanthemum Shows at Tiverton, 
Crediton, Kilmarnock, Birkenhead, Newton Abbott, South- 
port, Lincoln, Melton Mowbray, Edinburgh, Tottenham, 
Swansea, Winchester, Wokingham, Norwich. 
Sale of Plants, Bulbs, &c., at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. 
Friday, Nov. 16th.—Chrysanthemum Shows at Water¬ 
ford, Whitehaven, Hinckley, Chorley, Bolton, Bradford, 
Stockport, Sheffield, Chesterfield, Eccles. 
Orchid Sale at Protheroe & Morris' Rooms. 
Saturday, Nov. 17th.—Chrysanthemum Show at Batley. 
Edited by BRIAN WYNNE, F.R.H.S. 
SATURDAY , NOVEMBER io th, 1894. 
.odern Phases in Chrysanthemum 
Growing.— Taking a general view 
of the development of the Chrysanthemum, 
it has every appearance of being still young ; 
and this becomes more evident when we 
compare it with other florists’flowers which 
in many cases seem to be at a standstill. It 
practically took a new lease of life on the 
introduction of the ragged looking Japanese 
varieties at a time when the incurved type 
had about reached its zenith and was 
unable to give rise to any further appreci¬ 
able variation. In the case of Auriculas, 
Pinks, Picotees, Polyanthus, show Dahlias 
and others, the finer named types have been 
kept alive for many years by the close 
attention and care of specialists, who hand 
them down from the one to the other. It 
is altogether different with Japanese Chry¬ 
santhemums, the best and most popular of 
which, during the last ten years, have been 
superseded by newer acquisitions and im¬ 
provements. This is undoubtedly due in 
a large measure to the great enthusiasm of 
relatively a few specialists who are botli 
raisers, introducers and cultivators in most 
cases. Thanks are also due to the same 
and to florists at large for not adopting a 
standard as to shape, or foolish and 
restricted rules about ideals or paragons of 
perfection ; for all such lead in a few years 
to a plethora of varieties all modelled upon 
the same plan, and bewildering to the 
general public in their apparent utter lack 
of appreciable variation. The eye soon 
becomes satiated when a hundred or per¬ 
haps two hundred varieties of anything are 
most conspicuous by one half being undis- 
tinguishable from the other. To the free 
scope allowed the Chrysanthemum, its 
popularity is undoubtedly due. 
As in the case of every class or race of 
plants taken in hand and rendered popular, 
so in Chrysanthemum culture a set of 
technicalities has grown up as it were 
spontaneously amongst the growers and 
without any guidance from science, The 
technical terms are known only to cultiva¬ 
tors and to the initiated. According to the 
botanist, the inflorescence is indefinite and 
while the florets of each head are centri¬ 
petal the heads themselves are centrifugal. 
The flowers are terminal in all cases where 
they are situated at the end of a stem or 
branch and lateral if they arise at the sides. 
Those who grow Chrysanthemums for large 
blooms are not interested in any buds except 
those which terminate the stem or the few 
leading branches which they permit to 
grow, and to these they give different 
names. The first bud which arises and 
will develope into a bloom they term the 
crown bud ; but if that should fail to develop 
or is intentionally pinched out, the buds 
that come on t he side branches are described 
as terminals. In either case the botanist 
would consider them terminal. 
Some growers speak of the June or July 
bud as if it was something entirely different. 
The fact is, that as new varieties arise, some 
of them are found to cease growing, and 
terminate in a bud at almost anytime of the 
year, and some of them weaken themselves 
by attempts at precocious blooming, and it 
is with difficulty that they can be restrained 
from setting buds and made to delayflowering 
till November, which is popularly regarded 
as the proper season. In such cases the 
growers find it convenient to speak of the 
first crown bud, the second crown bud, and 
the terminals. The eaily produced buds 
seldom come to anything during the summer 
months if left to their own resources, because 
the plant, being still in the full vigour of 
growth, it throws out lateral branches, 
which rob the terminal bud of sustenance 
and soon overtop it. This is good evidence 
that the Chrysanthemum is naturally an 
autumn bloomer. The first bud stops the 
growth of the primary axis, but the plant 
increases in height by the production of 
secondary, and even tertiary axes. It is, 
therefore, natural for the stems to become 
branched and bushy. To get large blooms 
the grower is obliged to reduce the number 
of branches by, severe, constant, and timely 
dis budding. 
The other labours of the grower consist 
in unremitting attention to watering,feeding, 
staking, and the destruction of insect pests. 
The increase of the food of the latter 
generally results in their becoming a great 
plague and a nuisance. The comparative 
immunity which the Chrysanthemum 
enjoys must be due in a large measure to 
the plants being daily under the scrutinising 
eye of the cultivator, so that he is continu¬ 
ally waging war against caterpillars, plant 
bugs, frog-hoppers, brown and green 
