January 26, 1895. 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
847 
committee for the next four years ; and Sir Alexander 
Arbuthnot and Mr. George Norman were elected to 
take the places of Mr. Arnold Moss and Mr. George 
Woodgate, who retired. The arbitrators, Messrs. 
Buck, Crane, Gold, Higgins, and Jack, were re¬ 
appointed; and on the motion of Mr. A. Watkins, 
seconded by Mr. J. Hudson, Mr. G. J. Ingram, was 
unanimously re-elected secretary. Mr. George 
Munro then moved, and Mr. A. Watkins seconded, 
"That, in accordance with Rule III. 5, and upon 
the recommendation of the committee, who have 
investigated each case, the following eight candi¬ 
dates, viz., R. Vertegans, of Birmingham, aged 68 
years, nurseryman, annual subscriber of £\ is. for 
twenty-five years, and a contributor of £7 7s.; J. 
Lemmon, of Chichester, aged 67, gardener, annual 
subscriber of £1 is. for eighteen years, and a con¬ 
tributor of £21] C. H. Fearenside, of Boultham, 
aged 61, gardener, annual subscriber of £1 is. for 
twenty-five years; Charles Harris, of Manchester, 
aged 68, gardener, life member for fifteen years ; H. 
Parsons, of Foot’s Cray, aged 65, gardener, annual 
subscriber of £1 is. for eighteen years ; M. Reed, of 
Abbots Langley, aged 69, gardener, annual 
subscriber of £1 is. for fifteen years; Susan Ridout, 
of Reigate, aged 61, widow of John Ridout, gar¬ 
dener, who was an annual subscriber of £1 is. for 
twenty-two years, and a contributor of £63; and Eliza 
Burrell, of Esher, aged 78, widow of Edward Burrell, 
a gardener, who was an annual subscriber of £1. is. 
for twenty years ; be placed on the list of pensioners 
without election from December 31st last." This was 
also carried unanimously. 
The meeting was then made special for the election 
of six candidates by ballot, and Messrs. B. Wynne, 
John A. Laing, G. Monro, and James Webber were 
elected scrutineers. At the close of the poll the 
scrutineers declared the result as follows, the 
first six being elected :—James Clarren,'Birkenhead, 
2,824 ; Clara E. Brown, Birmingham, 2,188 ; Henry 
Fielder, Surbiton Hill, 2,261 ; Thomas Thomas, 
Croydon, 2,735; Robert Petitt, Bury St. Edmunds, 
2,024; Emma A. Ivery, Dorking, 2,500; John 
Collier, 769; Thomas Bundy, 711; David Cornell, 
356; Hester Falconer, 1,608 ; Ambrose Minty, 364 ; 
John Pearcy, 1,569; Eliza Webb, 1,033; Thomas 
Bannister, 1.765; Robert Begbie, 519; Thomas 
Cawley, 1,463; William Croshier, 1,200; Samuel 
Hicks, 109; Joseph Monk, 513; Joseph Shearn, 
1,130; Charles Smith, 1,213; J. Akehurst, 70; H. 
C. Allman, 10; George Ashby, 542; W. Bishop, 
1,139; S. Chinery, 1,506; W. Dean, 864; F. W. 
Durrant, 1,006; J. Field, 1,142; George Fletcher, 
1,033 J Eliza Gardner; 95 ; Elizabeth Hepburn, 514 ; 
Rachel Jefterson, 560; William Lee, 1,022; James 
Lonsdale, 855; S. Pickstone, 1,004; W. Rose, 369; 
Annie Smith, 23 ; John Thomas, 28 ; Caroline Wood, 
492 ; Henry Wood, 1,560 ; and W. Wood, 596. 
In the evening the usual annual friendly dinner took 
place under the presidency of Mr. George A. 
Dickson, of Chester, who, in proposing " Success to 
the Institution," remarked that while last year's 
balance sheets, generally, were not of a particularly 
satisfactory character, it was gratifying to know 
that those who were responsible for the management 
of the affairs of the Institution had been able to 
hold their own. They had been able to pay more in 
pensions than ever before, and he sincerely hoped 
they would go on and prosper from year to year. 
They would all have been glad if more pensioners 
could have been elected that day, but their resources 
did not permit of their going further than they had 
done, much as he felt sure their friend Mr. Veitch 
would have liked to sign cheques for all whose names 
appeared on the balloting list. He congratulated 
the Committee on the re-investments which they 
had made of a portion of their funds, believing that 
it was a wise and prudent step in the interest of the 
Institution, and also on the establishment of branches 
in various parts of the country. Referring specially 
to what had been done at Birmingham and Wolver¬ 
hampton, he expressed the hope that ere long they 
would have other branches even further north. The 
retirement of Mr. John Lee from the office of 
Chairman of the Committee, which he. had held for 
over half a century, was an event they could not 
pass over without feelings of deep regret, and they 
would all sincerely sympathise with him in the 
severe domestic affliction which prevented him from 
being present among them that evening to receive 
the handsome address on vellum which had been 
prepared for his acceptance, and which he, the 
Chairman, felt assured would be a source of gratifi¬ 
cation to him for the remainder of his days. The 
beneficial operations of their old Institution extended 
over a wide area, and deserved wide support, and it 
especially behoved those for whom the Institution 
was specially destined to benefit to do all they could 
in its behalf by subscribing themselves, and by in¬ 
ducing their employers to do so also. No man could 
tell what misfortune might befall him before the end 
came, and it behoved all to do what they could in 
making provision for the proverbial rainy day. 
In responding to the toast, Mr. Veitch paid a 
warm eulogium to the services rendered to the 
Institution by Mr. John Lee, whose great age 
rendered it impossible for him to carry on the 
onerous duties of Chairman any longer. He had 
seen the Institution grow from very small beginnings 
into its present splendid position, and had really been 
the father of the Institution for more years than any 
of them could remember. In their new Chairman, 
Sir Alexander Arbuthnot, they would have the 
advantage of the abilities of a gentleman who had 
gained a wide experience in India, who was now a 
a member of the Indian Council in London, and who 
from his love of gardening would be a sympathetic 
friend of the Institution. 
Othertoasts followed, including " The Chairman," 
“The Officers and Committee,” and "The Secretary," 
and the pleasures of the evening were greatly 
accentuated by an excellent musical and vocal 
programme. 
-» l - 
NOTICES OF BOOKS. 
The Chrysanthemum Year Book for 1895.— 
Issued by the National Chrysanthemum Society. 
London: E. W. Allen, 4, Ave Maria Lane, 
E.C. 
This little book of 88 pages has been prepared at the 
request of members and friends of the National 
Chrysanthemum Society, and contains a large and 
varied amount of information relating to the Chry¬ 
santhemum and its cultivation in different parts of 
the world. The writers of the various articles are 
residents, or have been for some time, in the several 
countries, to which they refer when writing of the 
Chrysanthemum. A great deal of it refers to 
various aspects of the Chrysanthemum in this 
country, including Scotland; but America, Japan, 
Australia, and Italy are also taken into account, and 
some of the subjects dealt with are illustrated. A 
monthly calendar of operations for amateurs who 
undertake the cultivation of incurved varieties may 
prove serviceable to those who have not yet under¬ 
taken or succeeded with this rather troublesome 
class. 
The information from different parts of the world 
will, however, be acceptable to the bulk of the 
Chrysanthemum growing fraternity. The methods 
of cultivation, and the peculiar customs of the 
Japanese in relation to their favourite flower must 
excite the interest of many. Public competitive 
shows are almost unknown in Japan, showing that 
the Japanese must naturally be very emthusiastic, 
otherwise the culture of the Chrysanthemum could 
hardly be carried on to such an extent as it is. The 
fact of the Imperial Crest having been modeled 
from a Chrysanthemum may have something to do 
with it. Strange to say, Avalanche, Stanstead 
White, and other popular varieties here do not 
succeed in Australia. Mrs. Alpheus Hardy is a 
failure there as well as elsewhere, except in the more 
inland and colder parts of Australia, where it grows 
8 ft. high and bears fine blooms. Though not a new 
fact, yet it is interesting to remember that Mrs. 
Alpheus Hardy was the variety which really kindled 
the enthusiasm of our American cousins towards the 
flower, concerning which so much had been said, 
written and done in this country for close upon half a 
century. That variety, as well as Golden Wedding, 
has brought as much disappointment to the exhibitor 
in America as here. 
A list of the Chrysanthemums exhibited at the 
November show of the National Chrysanthemum 
Society, as well as the number of times each variety 
appeared in the exhibits will give a good idea of the 
relative popularity of the respective varieties, and 
would prove of immense interest in after years, 
especially if the record is kept up annually. It will 
show how certain sorts become popular for a time 
and ultimately disappear from the boards. The 
number of books or treatises that have recently 
dealt with the Chrysanthemum in different parts of 
the world is eight. Most of them were publications 
of 1894. 
The Culture of Vegetables and Flowers from 
Seeds and Roots, by Sutton & Sons, Reading. 
Sixth Edition. London: Simpkin, Marshall, 
Hamilton, Kent & Co., Ltd., 1895. 
The fifth edition of this useful book was published 
in 1892, and the fact of the necessity for a new 
edition now shows that there is a steady demand for 
it. There is no vehement outcry for it as in the 
case of a work of fiction that suddenly becomes 
popular, or for a new book by some great author, 
but the relatively small constituency ot the garden¬ 
ing community testify to its absolute utility as if it 
were an annual want like a fresh harvest of food 
crops. The present edition is about the same size 
as the previous one (about three pages larger), but 
it has been revised, brought up to date, a chapter on 
herbs added, and entirely reprinted. The vegetables 
and flowers dealt with in the volume are arranged 
alphabetically, but there are some departures from 
t which might be altered. For instance, there is 
such a sequence as Broad Bean, Dwarf Bean, 
Runner Bean, Garden Beet, and Borecole all under 
headings in similarly bold type. The Beans have 
been grouped together, doubtlessly on account of 
their affinity, and the sequence has also been seem¬ 
ingly altered by inserting the word garden. Instead 
of this we would have made such a sequence as 
Beans, Beet, and Borecole, with headings in smaller 
type for the different kinds of Beans, otherwise we 
should have fearlessly inserted the names given in 
proper sequence, as has been done in the case of the 
bulk of the Cabbage tribe. 
However, these are all secondary matters of 
importance, seeing that a good index enables the 
reader to find everything mentioned. The subject 
matter, on the contrary, has been dealt with in the 
plainest and most systematic manner that could 
have been framed by the experienced and skilled 
professional while laying down rules for the guidance 
of the unskilled and the amateur. The following 
quotation taken from the introductory remarks is 
practically a motto which has been kept in mind 
throughout the book while working out the cultural 
details:—"In practical work there is nothing like 
system. Crop the ground systematically, as if an 
account of the procedure had to be laid before a 
committee of severe critics. Constantly forecast the 
next work and the disposition of the ground for the 
various crops, keeping in mind the proportions they 
should bear to each other." 
The instructions for the production of an early 
crop of Potatos without the aid of artificial heat in 
any way might well be followed by many gardeners, 
especially those who still labour under the mistaken 
notion that anything can be gained by planting in 
the open ground during November or at other times 
in the latter part of the year. Though preparations 
are begun in January, yet the Potatos are not com¬ 
mitted to the ground before the first week in March. 
The operation and method is so simple that amateurs 
with the requisite garden ground can follow out the 
instructions with as much facility, almost, as those 
who possess "all appliances and means to boot." 
The chapter on herbs should be of the greatest 
assistance to those who intend or are compelled 
through force of circumstances to resuscitate this 
neglected department of the kitchen garden. Cultural 
instructions are given for the raising of a large 
number of the most useful herbs. Deep digging or 
trenching and manuring are constantly advocated as 
a sine qua noil in a well-ordered and well-tilled 
garden. Experience proves it everywhere. When 
in connection with this, good heed is given to proper 
rotations of crops, as here set forth, the kitchen 
gardener, whether professional or amateur, has little 
to fear. The article on the rotation of crops, and 
that on the chemistry of garden crops, set forth in 
the clearest manner possible what the reason and 
necessity are for shifting about the location of the 
crops in question. 
The second half of the book deals with the cultiva¬ 
tion of all the popular garden flowers raised from 
seeds, and also gives a useful chapter on insects, and 
other pests of the garden. The cultivation of flowers 
appeals to the many, so that there is less necessity 
for us to enter into any details concerning them. 
For one amateur who can grow vegetables well 
there are probably ten who can grow flowers even 
