444 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
March 9, 1895. 
bushel, but as the market price had risen he would 
not part with it at the price which had been agreed 
upon. Messrs. Cooper, Taber & Co., believing the 
statements to be true, and being desirous of obtain¬ 
ing the produce of their stock seed, particularly as 
the market price had risen, consented to the accused 
obtaining the seed from the farmer at £i per bushel. 
About the i8th of July the accused wrote the Com¬ 
pany stating the terms he had made with the farmer 
in question, and, believing the statements made by 
him to be true, the prosecutors paid the accused for 
268 bushels of the seed in question at the rate of £1 
per bushel instead of the contract price of 14s. 6d., 
the difference being £j$ 14s. 2d. Subsequently, in 
October, 1894, the prosecutors discovered, through 
Mr. Orbell (the farmer who it was alleged had 
refused to part with the seed grown by him) calling 
at their warehouse, that he had carried out his 
agreement with the accused, and they were advised 
to prosecute him for obtaining the sum named by 
false and fraudulent pretences. 
Mr. S. Orbell, farmer and innkeeper, the Bull Inn, 
Pinchbeck, Spalding, bore out the latter part of Mr. 
Huggins' evidence; the accused, through his solicitor, 
pleaded guilty, and was committed for trial to the 
Sessions, on March 12th. 
-- 
Questions add ansuieRS- 
%* Will our friends who send us newspapers he so good 
as to mark the paragraphs or articles they wish us to see. 
We shall be greatly obliged by their so doing. 
Potting Sophronites grandiflora.— A Novice: 
The treatment accorded to Coelogyne cristata in the 
matter of compost and the time to pot will also 
apply here. An inch of compost on the top of 
plenty of drainage will be sufficient. Small Orchid 
pans are as often used as baskets; but in any case 
they should be stood on a shelf close to the glass or 
suspended from the roof where they will enjoy the 
influence of the light all the year round. When 
making growth it would be advantageous to place 
them in the cool end of an intermediate house (not a 
stove), and to give them plenty of water. On the 
completion of growth, the plants may be put 
back again to the cool house. Watch for the first 
signs of growth, pot them directly and place them 
where the temperature does not fall below 501 at 
night for the present. 
Names of Plants. — James Thomson : The Orchid 
is Coelogyne speciosa. J. L.: 1, Asplenium bulbi- 
ferum ; 2. Asplenium bulbiferum minus ; 3, Poly pod¬ 
ium Lingua; 4, Selaginella laevigatum; 5,Pteris has- 
tata. H . W.: 1, Sparmannia africana ; 2, Coleonema 
alba; Narcissus Tazetta var.; 4, Forsythia viri- 
dissima; 5, Clivia miniata var. ; 6, Trichomanes 
radicans. 
Coelogyne cristata. — A Novice: During winter 
this Orchid should really have a higher temperature 
than the cool house to prevent the flower spikes 
from turning black and damping. At present, the 
night temperature of the house should be kept up to 
50°, rising as the days get longer and the sun 
warmer. The Cattleya house is, in fact, the best 
place for it in winter ; but it should be. placed in 
the cool house to make its growth. The higher tem¬ 
perature of the Catlleyahousewill enable you to give 
more water than would otherwise be advisable; it is true 
that less water is required during the resting period 
than when growth is being made, but you should not 
allow the pseudo-bulbs to shrivel in the way you 
state, till the flowering period is over at least. The 
best compost for potting is fibrous peat and live 
sphagnum, chopped and used in equal proportions. 
Use shallow pots, pans or baskets, putting plenty of 
drainage into them. The best time to pot is when 
the. roots begin to move, and possibly that has already 
taken place. If so, pot them at once, doing it care¬ 
fully and making them firm. 
Formation of Callus and Roots.— W. B.: You 
may examine the process for yourself by means of 
some thick-stemmed cuttings, like Pelargoniums, in 
which the various parts are easily observed. 
Cuttings do generally form a callus before producing 
roots, though in many cases it is hardly observable. 
In any case, the callus is a good sign that the cuttings 
in question are in a fair way to produce roots. The 
latter are not, however, prolongations of the callus, 
but a healing, as it were, of the cut end of the stems. 
The roots are pushed out of the stems from the 
region of the cambium layer and usually pierce their 
way through the callus ; they do so in most hard- 
wooded plants and some others, but certain soft- 
wooded subjects push out roots in the same way, but 
from any part of the stem covered by the soil or 
within reach of moisture. 
6 Plants in Frame - H. G.: The pale colour of the 
foliage is due to the heavy coverings you placed over 
the lights rather than to the frost itself. Long continued 
darkness would in itself finally bring about the 
destruction of many things just as frost would. 
Your only remedy under the circumstances is to 
shade the frames lightly during the middle of the 
day when the sun is strongest, till the plants regain 
their wonted greenness and hardiness by gradual 
exposure to the light, after which the sun will do 
them no harm. Some of the plants may be greatly 
injured or killed outright, but in case of a scarcity of 
any of them, be careful not to pull them out nor 
throw them away, so long as there is a chance of 
them breaking away from the root on the approach 
of spring and a higher temperature. 
Fairy-ring Mushroom. — A. Curie: There is no 
reason why you should not attempt to establish them 
in the grass of an old paddock. When in season, col¬ 
lect a quantity of the fully developed Mushrooms, 
break them up in pieces and insert them here and 
there over the field and at a few inches below the 
surface of the soil, and await the results. The object 
of selecting fully developed Mushrooms is that the 
spores may be mature. 
To Destroy Ants. — Omega: Lose no time in 
digging up the ants’ nests in the grass, by taking off 
a square of turf over each nest and then .digging up 
the nests so as to expose the ants and their pupae to 
the frost at night and birds by day. If this had 
been done before Christmas the severe frost would 
have been more effective than it can be now. 
Under the soil they would pass the winter with little 
or no injury, but disturbance and exposure are very 
destructive to them when dormant or inactive. If 
convenient, you could scald the nests with their 
contents by means of boiling water after the turf has 
been removed and the nests fully exposed. Carbolic 
acid mixed in ten times its bulk of water may be 
used for the same purpose, but it must not be poured 
over the grass, otherwise the latter will get killed. 
Some of the nests will be sure to be overlooked, and 
in spring when the ants become active you should 
mix Calomel and finely-powdered sugar, one part of 
the former to ten of the latter, and lay the mixture 
in little heaps near the openings of the nests. Cover 
the poison with bits of slate, slightly elevated on 
three short pegs or three stones, so as to keep other 
animals away. 
Best Time to Transplant. — Omega: Thequestion 
is rather a wide one, and too indefinite to be 
answered in one paragraph. State more particularly 
what plants, trees, or shrubs you intend to deal with. 
Deciduous subjects do well, as a rule, when trans¬ 
planted in October or the beginning of November. 
Evergreen subjects, such as Hollies, Cherry Lauiels, 
and evergreen Conifers, generally succeed best when 
the work is accomplished in April or May when 
growth is beginning to move. Showery weather is 
above all things highly suitable for the welfare of 
trees and shrubs when being moved. 
Treatment of Bougainvilleas.— J. W.: You do 
not say whether you wish to grow the Bougainvilleas 
in pots or to plant them out. But probably pot culture 
is your intentions, and in such a case you may use a 
potting compost of three parts of fibrous loam, and 
one part of leaf soil, with plenty of sand to keep the 
whole porous and open. Potting should be effected 
at once if necessary to be done this year, and the 
buds should be just starting into growth when you 
do it. Bougainvillea glabra may be grown in a 
stove, intermediate house, or greenhouse, but an 
intermediate house in spring, and a greenhouse or 
conservatory afterwards, would best suit your pur¬ 
pose. All through the summer and flowering period 
the plants should be encouraged to grow freely, giv¬ 
ing them plenty of water and free ventilation. 
Under favourable conditions they will often flower 
late into autumn, and should be assisted with weak 
liquid manure. When they cease flowering, say in 
November, the plants should be gradually dried off 
and encouraged to go to rest, in which state they 
should be kept till February, and then pruned pretty 
hard back. They will gradually commence to grow 
again, and should be subjected to the same treat¬ 
ment as in the previous year. The brisk heat of a 
stove will make them start all the more vigorously. 
Communications Received. —J. C.—A. O-—H. 
G. H.—R. D.—W. C.—R. O.—M. B.—D. F. & Co. 
—A.—T. B.—B. S. W. 
--I—- 
TRADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
Little & Ballantyne, Carlisle.—Farm Seeds. 
J. Cheal & Sons, Lowfield Nurseries, Crawley, 
Sussex.—Dahlias, Bedding Plants, etc. 
H. Cannell & Sons, Swanley, Kent.—Illustrated 
Floral Guide for 1895. 
Adolph Van Den Heede, nr, Rue du Faubourg- 
de-Roubaix, Saint-Maurice-Lille, France.—Chrysan¬ 
themums, Dahlias, etc. 
W. P. Laird & Sinclair, Dundee.—Farm Seeds. 
Barr & Son, 12 and 13, King Street,. Covent 
Garden, W.C.—Hardy Herbaceous Perennials and 
Alpines, &c. 
Fotheringham & King, Dumfries.—Agricultural 
Seeds. 
LONDON SEED TRADE. 
March 5 th, 1895. 
Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152, Houndsditch, & 39, 
Seed Market, Mark Lane, report a slow demand for 
Agricultural Seeds, German and American Red 
Clover remain steady. Alsike unchanged. White 
Clover and Trefoil easier. Ryegrasses dull. 
COVENT 
GARDEN 
March 6 th, 1895. 
MARKET. 
Fruit.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
1. d s. d. 
Apples.per bushel 30 90 
Nova Scotia ApDles 
per barrel 12 0 21 o 
Cob Nuts and Fil¬ 
berts, per 100 lbs.18 o 
Vegetables.—Average Retail Prices. 
s. d. j. d. 
Grapes, per lb. 10 20 
Pine-apples. 
—St. Michael's each 26 60 
1. d. 1. d. 
ArtlchokesGlobedoz. 30 60 
Beans, French, perlb. 20 30 
Beet.per dozen 20 30 
Cabbages ... per doz. 3040 
Carrots ... per bunch o 6 
Cauliflowers.doz. 60 90 
Celery.per bundle 16 20 
Cucumbers .eaoh 03 09 
Endive, French, djz. 2 6 30 
Herbs .per bunch 02 06 
t. d. 1. d. 
Lettuces ...per dozen 20 00 
Mushrooms, p. basket 1 0 
Onions.per bunch 0 4 
Parsley ... per bunch 0 6 
Radishes... per dozen 1 6 
Seakale...per basket 2 6 
Smallsalading,punnet 0 4 
Spinach .per lb. 0 6 
Tomatos. per lb. 0 6 
Turnips.per bun. 0 6 
1 6 
0 6 
3 o 
I 0 
Horse Radish, bundle 20 40 
Plants in Pots.—Average Wholesale Prices 
s. d. 1. d. 
Aspidistras, per doz 18 0 42 0 
—specimenplants.eachs 0 15 o 
Cyperus .per doz. 4 0 12 0 
Chrysanthemums, 
per doz. 60 80 
Cyclamen, per doz.... 9 o 18 0 
Dracaena term., doz. 18 0 36 0 
Dracaena viridis.doz. 9 0 18 0 
Erica hyemalis, per 
doz. 12 o 18 o 
, gracilis per doz. 10 0 12 0 | 
Cut Flowers.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s. d. s. d. s. d. 
Aram Lilies, I2blms. 40 60 
Azalea.doz. bchs. 6 0 10 0 
Bouvardias, per ban. 06 10 
Carnations...per doz. 20 30 
Chrysanthemums, 
doz. blooms 20 60 
,, doz. bunches 4 o 12 o 
Double Daffodils, 
doz. bchs. 15 o 18 0 
Single Daffodils. 
doz. bchs. 21 o 30 0 
Eucharls ...per doz. 40 60 
Gardenias 12 blooms 20 40 
Hellotropes,i2 sprays 06 09 
Hyacinth (Roman) 
doz. bch. 9 o 12 0 
Lilac (French) 
per bch. 60 6 
Lilium Harrtsii, 
doz. blooms 6 0 10 0 
MalienbalrFern,i2bs.4 060 
Marguerites. 12 bun. 16 30 
t. d. t. d. 
Evergreens,invar.doz 6 0 24 0 
Ferns, invar.,per doz. 30 80 
Ferns, small, per 100 30 60 
Foliage Plants, doz. 12 o 60 0 
Marguerites, perdoz. 8 0 !2 0 
Mignonette, per doz 60 00 
Palms in variety,each 2 6 10 0 
Palms, Specimen ... 15 0 63 0 
Primulas,perdoz. ... 40 60 
Solanums, 
per doz. pots 8 0 12 0 
t.d. 
Narciss (French) 
doz. bch. 4 o 
Orchid Bloomin var. 
per bloom, from 0 3 
Pelargoniums 12 sps. 0 6 
Pink Roses...per doz. 3 0 
Pyrethrum doz. bun. 2 o 
Primula, double, bun. 0 6 
Roses, yellow, dozen 2 0 
— Red.doz. blms. 3 0 
— Tea.per dozen 0 6 
Scarlet Geraniums, 
doz. bchs. 5 0 
Tuberoses, per doz 
Violets (French) 
Parma, per bch. 5 
Violets (French) 
Czar, per bch 
Violets (French) 
doz. bch. 4 0 
Violets (English) 
doz. bch. 1 
0 6 
6 0 
1 o 
0 9 
6 0 
4 o 
0 9 
d 0 
6 0 
2 0 
9 o 
I o 
060 
1920 
6 o 
626 
cjojsrr 
PAGE 
Anemone Japonic^ 
Whirlwind.441 
Baines. Mr. Thomas.437 
Capsicum Sirius.443 
Catasetum mirabile .438 
Cattleya labiata Percivalii- 
ana ..438 
Chardwar, Orchids at .438 
Cottage Gardens.437 
Cyclamen Coum .443 
Dendrobium Cybele, 
Admiral Fairfax’s var. ...438 
Do plants eat soil .440 
Faulty Bulbs.438 
Fern Factory, a .441 
Flower Garden, the .438 
Fruit under Glass .43S 
Gardenias Miscellany _443 
Greyia Sutberlandi .430 
Haemanthus Katherinae ...413 
Hardy Fruit Garden.439 
EjJST j?3- 
PAGE 
Horticultural Prospects ...435 
Kew Guild, the.436 
Laird, Mr. R. B., death of.. 437 
Lapagerias .442 
Law Notes.443 
Lilac Madame Lemoine ...443 
May, Mr. H. B., portrait of 44c 
Nectarine, a miniature.440 
Orchid Notes and 
Gleanings . 438 
Owen, Mr. George Dysun, 
death of .440 
Rhododendron arboreum...436 
Science Gleanings.439 
Societies .443 
Spiiaea confusa .436 
Stove, in the.437 
Tree Planting m Wales...440 
Vegetables, cultivation of 
early.442 
Vegetable Garden, the.439 
431 
INOKX TO 
Auction Sales. 
Protheroe & Morris 
Catalogues. 
Carter’s .448 
Hartland.433 
Little & Ballantyne.145 
C. Sharpe & Co'., Ltd. ...435 
R. Smith & Co.445 
R. Sydenham.435 
T. S. Ware.434 
Chrysanthemums. 
Alfred .433 
H. J. Jones. 435 
W. Wells. 445 
B. S. Williams & Son ...417 
Ferns. 
W. & J. Birkenhead .415 
Florists’ Flowers. 
B. R. Davis .433 
Dobbie & Co.434 
J. D. Hamon.433 
j. Forbes.435 
W. J. Godfrey .435 
J. Laing & Sons. 433 
T. Lord .433 
A. Medhurst. 434 
S. Pye... 433 
T. S. Ware. 434 
J. Wells .433 
Fruit Trees, &c. 
T. Rivers & Son . 445 
R. Smith & Co. 445 
„ J. Watkins. 445 
Garden Sundries, &c. 
J. Arnold . 44S 
Epps & Co.448 
Hirst, Brooke & Hirst.... 433 
A. Outram .447 
Rigby, Wainwright,& Co.433 1 
H. Robinson.433 
Sankey & Son . 447 
H. G. Smyth. 417 
Heating Apparatus. 
Messenger & Co.448 
Thames Bank Iron Co... 44S 
Horticultural Builders 
J. Boyd & Sons . 433 
J. Gray . 433 
W. Richardson & Co... 433 
1. Weeks & Co. 433 
ADVERTIS3MENTS. 
Insecticides. 
Clibran & Son .448 
Gishurst Compound. 433 
Nicotine Soap .43 j 
Lawn Mowers. 
Suttoa & Sons.433 
Manures. 
C. Beeson. 433 
W. H. Beeson. 433 
Clay & Son...447 
W. Colchester.447 
B. W. Colebrook.447 
Icthemic Guano .433 
Ichthion Guano.433 
Native Guano Co.446 
H. G. Smyth.447 
Sutton & Sons...433 
W. Thomson & Sous ...448 
Miscellaneous. 
Epps’ Cocoa . 446 
Fleet St. Printing Stores 447 
H. J. Gasson.433 
Gishurstine. 433 
Jadoo Fibre Co.433 
Juno Cycles .447 
Porter’s Crocks .446 
Smyth’s Orchid Baskets 433 
Orchids. 
J. Cypher ..434 
P. McArthur. 433 
F. Sander & Co.433 
Roots for Forcing. 
G. Stevens . 433 
Roses. 
T. Rivers & Son . 445 
R. Smith & Co.445 
T. S. Ware. 434 
Seeds. 
Barr & Son. 433 
Carter’s . 44 ® 
J. Cheal & Sons . 445 
Daniels Bros. 434 
Dicksons . 434 
J. Dickson & Sons. 433 
\V. W. Johnson & Son ...435 
Laxton Bros. 433 
Little & Ballantyne .445 
C. Sharpe & Co., Ltd.435 
R. Smith & Co..-. 445 
Sutton & Sons. 433 
R. Sydenham. 435 
W. E Tidy. 435 
J. Veitch Si Sons. 435 
