476 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
March 28, 1895. 
better support. Medium Gold Medals were awarded 
to F. Hardy. Esq., Aston-under-Lyne. for a very 
beautiful display of Orchids and other flowering 
plants, among which were numerous fine Dendrobes. 
Cattleyas, Cypripediums, etc.; and to E. Ashworth, 
Esq., Wilmslow, for a choice collection of Dendrobes, 
mixed with other rare plants. Another collection of 
of Orchids mainly consisting of beautiful species and 
varieties of Odontoglossum came from W. Thompson, 
Esq., Stone, (Mr. Stevens, gardener) and a Silver 
Medal was his reward. Mr. J. Cypher, Cheltenham, 
Messrs. J. Cowan & Co., Liverpool, and Messrs. 
Charlesworth & Co., Bradford, took First-class 
Certificates for interesting groups of Orchids also, 
and the Messrs. Heath, of Cheltenham, were con¬ 
tributors also to this section of the exhibition. 
Messrs. Sutton & Sons, Reading, contributed a 
valuable object lesson in Cineraria culture, in the 
form of a group of superbly grown and flowered 
plants of their splendid strain, which called forth a 
First-class Certificate. A similar award was also 
made to Messrs. Dickson, Brown & Tait, Manchester, 
for an admirable group of Hyacinths, and other 
spring-flowering bulbous plants; to Messrs. W. 
Edwards & Son, Sherwood, Nottingham, for their 
decorative plant and flower holders ; and to Mr. 
Joseph Broome, Sunny Hill, Llandudno, for an 
interesting collection of flowers grown in the open 
air, Messrs. Dickson, of Chester, also sent a 
capital display of Narcissi, etc. 
-•*»- 
Ijai'ilejieiy Ipipjovepiept Jl^ociatiop?. 
Ayrshire, March nth .—At the meeting of the 
Ayrshire Gardeners' Improvement Association, held 
at Ayr on the above date, Mr. M. Temple, Carron 
House Gardens, Falkirk, read a paper on Vegetables, 
before a large gathering of gardeners and amateurs. 
In the course of his remarks Mr. Temple sa’d it re¬ 
quired no argument from science or any other source 
to convince our race that vegetables are essential to 
our diet in giving health and tone to the human sys¬ 
tem, and maintaining the purity of our blood. It 
had been in all ages an established fact that man's 
instincts had led him to use edible vegetables in a 
great variety of forms as daily food, and when the 
supply was abundant the health of the community 
was proportionately good. The lecturer then went 
on to dilate on the different systems of cultivation 
which he noted in England, Scotland, Ireland, and 
Wales, and expressed his views on the methods 
which he had seen attended with greatest success, after 
which he proceeded in alphabetical order to describe 
the general culture of the principal vegetables grown 
in our country, such as Beans, Peas, Leeks, Onions, 
etc. Amongst the many varieties of Peas which he 
had seen grown, useful either for exhibition or 
general purposes, he considered the following to be 
as good as any, viz.: Dickson's First and Best, 
Duke of Albany, Dr. M’Lean, Telephone, Autocrat, 
and Ne Plus Ultra. Amongst Leeks, he had tested 
all the varieties sent out, but had never found any¬ 
thing to beat Scotch Musselburgh and the 
Lyon. The best sorts of Onions which he had seen 
grown in Scotland were Banbury Improved, Cran¬ 
ston’s Excelsior, Aisla Craig, and Bedfordshire 
Champion. In conclusion, Mr. T emple said that all 
vegetables must be attended to with equal care in 
every detail of cultivation, nothing must be passed 
over as unimportant, and no requirement must be 
withheld if complete success was a matter impera¬ 
tive. 
On the motion of Mr. M’Connochie, Mr. Temple 
was accorded a very hearty vote of thanks. 
Birmingham, March nth .—At the fortnightly 
meeting of this Association, held on the above date, 
the Honorary Secretary, Mr. J. Hughes, read an 
essay on “Cordon-trained Gooseberries: Varieties 
and Culture," sent by Mr. T. Beddard, gardener to 
the Right Hon. Lord Leigh, Stoneleigh Abbey. The 
essay,.which was of a thoroughly practical character, 
was rendered additionally interesting from the fact 
that the "cordon” system of growing the Goose¬ 
berry has been extensively practised at Stoneleigh 
for many years past, both on horizontal wire trellises 
in the open quarters of the garden and against the 
walls in two or three aspects, so as to secure a more 
than ordinarily long season of ripe fruit for dessert. 
The system also lends itself more readily and 
effectively to the application of netting, etc., in the 
preservation of the fruit from birds, wasps, and 
other marauders. The prevention and extirpation 
of foes such as insects and caterpillars, which the 
trees are liable to be infested with, was remarked 
upon, and as efficient insecticides a solution of fir-tree 
oil or clear lime-water syringed over the trees when 
in leaf was recommended. In the enumeration of 
the several varieties of Gooseberries selected at 
Stoneleigh for the purpose in question, a chief pre¬ 
dominance was given to the well-known old 
Warrington for the main crop, and as a larger-fruited 
one the old Crown Bob, and the more recently 
introduced variety, Whinham’s Industry, for its 
heavy-cropping attribute. Some of the large exhibi¬ 
tion varieties also received a fair modicum of praise 
for their lusciousness. In the discussion which 
followed, interesting and instructive details were 
dwelt upon by several growers, more especially as to 
the various modes of pruning the trees, and in 
reference to the size to which a Gooseberry tree 
trained against a wall can attain. A hearty vote of 
thanks, proposed by Mr. W. B. Latham and seconded 
by Mr. Walter Jones, concluded the proceedings. 
Shirley Gardeners’ and Amateurs,’ March 18 th 
—The first annual general meeting of this Society 
was held on the above date, when the president, Mr. 
W. F. G. Spranges, presided over a fair attendance 
of the members. The balance sheet showed the 
receipts to have been £21 7s. gd., and the expendi¬ 
ture £20 6s. 5d., and from the report it appeared 
that the Society commenced the year with thirty 
members, and completed it with hi, thus showing 
a most substantial increase. Some minor alterations 
of the rules were made, and the president, vice- 
presidents,officers, and committee for the ensuing year 
were elected. The president, Mr. W. F. G. Spranges, 
said he should be glad to contribute £5 towards 
the expenses of a visit to some notable horticultural 
establishment some time during the summer. There 
was an exhibition of spring blooming plants, and 
contributed by Mr. B. Ladhams, F.R H.S., Mr. J. 
E. Wilcox, Mr. G. Wells, and Mr. II. Curtis. 
LAW NOTES. 
The Lincolnshire Seed Case. —At the County 
of London Sessions, Newington, S.E , on the 12th inst , 
before Sir F'orrest Fulton, Q.C., acting as locum 
tenens for Sir Peter Edlin, Q.C., Charles Samuel 
Robinson, 32, the Three Tuns Inn, Deeping St. 
James, Market Deeping, Lincolnshire, pleaded guilty 
to obtaining £73 14s. from Messrs. Cooper, Taber 
& Co., Limited, Seed Merchants, Southwark Street, 
S.E., by false and fraudulent pretences. Mr. J. P. 
Grain (instructed by Mr. C. Butcher, Solicitor to 
the Nursery and Seed Trade Association, Limited), 
prosecuted, and Mr. Kershaw defended. 
The facts of the case were given in the number 
of the Gardening World for March gth, and when 
the prisoner came before the Common Serjeant, Mr. 
Kershaw urged in defence that the prisoner whilst 
temporarily pressed for money, yielded to sudden 
temptation, and also that at the time the offence was 
committed, the particular seed in question (Purple- 
top Swede Turnip), have gone up in value. 
The prisoner was bound over in his own recog¬ 
nisances in the sum of £200, and to find sureties 
in a like amount to come up for judgment if called 
upon;' and His Lordship, addressing him, said .— 
Charles Samuel Robinson, you are being very 
mercifully dealt with, and as the prosecutors have 
accepted the two sureties in £100 each, put forward 
in your behalf, you will now be liberated.. I decided 
to take this course in your case, because I am 
reluctant to send a man to prison who has hitherto 
borne, as you appear to have borne, a highly respect¬ 
able character, but you must remember that if at 
any time you are guilty of any dishonest act whatso¬ 
ever, you may be brought here, when the facts of 
this case will be explained to the then presiding 
judge, and you will be liable to be sent to prison. 
I therefore strictly warn you to be very careful in 
future. 
-» t - - 
Questions add AnsoieRS. 
*„* Will our friends who send us newspapers be so good 
as to mark the paragraphs or articles they wish us to see. 
We shall be greatly obliged by their so doing. 
Mint and Lavender. — D. Mackie: In our opinion 
Potatos would find a surer sale in Scotland and give 
less trouble than either Mint or Lavender. Of the 
two latter we should give preference to Mint because 
hardier, of quicker growth, and of the easiest propa¬ 
gation. It would stand your wet climate better than 
Lavender, and as far as we know would find a readier 
market in the north during the Pea season ; but we 
should allow you to know best about that matter. 
We understand that you would sell the produce in 
the green state, and in that case Glasgow and 
Edinburgh would be the most likely markets for it. 
Lavender is propagated by cuttings taken in autumn 
and inserted under hand-lights in light sandy soil; 
in spring it is ready to plant out either in beds for a 
year or in its permanent quarters. It would take a 
lot of cuttings to get up a stock, and would have to 
be done gradually unless you care to incur some 
expense in procuring cuttings. Mint, on the other 
hand, can be propagated by cuttings by division of 
the stools, and the suckers that are usually produced 
with great freedom. The cost of stocking the ground 
would be considerable if you intend doing it in one 
season, more especially in the case of Lavender, but 
it would vary according to circumstances, and we 
should advise you to increase the stock from year to 
year as it grows. In your wet climate you would 
want drying sheds to make certain of securing the 
crop in good condition, unless you can dispose of it 
in the green state. As far as we know rabbits would 
not do much harm to the crop. If you trench and 
manure the ground to begin with, the cost of merely 
weeding and hoeing afterwards would not be much. 
Names of Plants. — H.C .: 1, Galanthus Elwesii; 
2, Galanthus nivalis ; 3, Erica carnea ; 4, Daphne 
Mezereum; 5, Taxus baccata adpressa; 6, Elaeagnus 
puDgens variegata. A .N.: 1, Dendrobium Findlaya- 
num ; 2, Cattleya Trianaei var. ; 3, Odontoglossum 
crispum Andersonianum ; 4, Dendrobium nobile var. 
W. Walker: 1, Syringa persica, not the common one 
which is S. vulgaris; 2, Forsythia viridissima; 3, 
Eriostemon buxifolius; 4, Helleborus atrorubens. 
C.W.H.: 1, Pinus Laricio austriaca; 2, Tsuga 
canadensis. 
Hardy Bamboos. — J. Black : There are several 
which in ordinary seasons stand very well in the 
open air, more especially if sheltered from strong 
winds, both while making their growth and in winter, 
when the leaves are frozen and likely to be broken 
off while in this rigid state. Exceptions must be 
taken to severe winters like the past. Amongst the 
taller kinds we should select Arundinaria japonica 
(often called Bambusa Metake), also A. Simoni, 
Phyllostachys nigra, and P. viridi-glaucescens. 
Hardy and dwarf species that may be planted between 
and in front of them are Bambusa Veitchi, B nana, 
and Arundinaria Fortunei variegata. 
United Horticultural Provident and Benefit 
Society.— A.C.: The Secretary is Mr. W. Collins, 
9, Martindale Road, Balham, S.W. 
Hazel-nut Hedge. — W. Broadhurst: In order to 
renew the hedge for fruiting purposes, you may cut 
it down within three feet of the ground, cutting 
away all weak and useless wood to allow of a good 
gro vth for the strong shoots, that result from cutting 
down the old stems. For the mere purpose of a 
fence it would be to your interest to allow as many 
shoots to grow as possible, in order to secure density. 
For fruiting purposes, however, you must keep the 
stems thin to encourage the production of good 
fruiting wood. Keep the base clear of suckers, for 
nothing is so detrimental to fruiting as a thicket of 
wood at the base, which robs the others of their due 
share of nutriment, besides preventing the proper 
circulation of air. You cannot expect much if any¬ 
thing of a crop even the second summer after cutting 
the plants back so severely ; but the formation of 
fruiting wood will take place in due time. Though 
the main branches are moderately thinned out, 
yet the hedge will be sufficient for shelter as well as 
a screen, as the case may be, and at the same time 
give a supply of fruit. 
Communications Received.— J. F. — A. O.—C. 
H. T —S. & S —T. J. M.—F K.—G. W.—H. J. H. 
-«+■- 
TRADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
Barr & Son, 12 and 13, King Street, Covent 
Garden, W.C.—Herbaceous Perennials and Alpines. 
Max Deegen, Kostritz, Thiiringen, Germany. — 
Dahlias, Roses, &c. 
Pitcher & Manda, Short Hills, New Jersey, 
U.S.A.—General Illustrated Plant Catalogue. 
Nathan Smith & Son, Adrian, Michigan, U.S.A. 
—New Chrysanthemums, Carnations, and Roses. 
Fred W. Kelsey, 145, Broadway, New York, 
U. S. A.—Choice Hardy Trees and Shrubs. 
LONDON SEED TRADE. 
March 19th, 1895. 
Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152, Houndsditch, & 39, 
Seed Market, Mark Lane, report a brisk demand for 
all Agricultural Seeds. Trefoil dull. Red Clover, 
White Clover, and Alsike unchanged. Perennial 
Ryegrasses dearer. Italian Ryegrass neglected. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET. 
March 20th, 1895. 
Fruit.—Avsragb Wbolksa^s Pricks. 
1. d j. d. 
s. d. 
Apples.per bushel 30 go 
Nova Scotia Apoles 
per barrel 12 0 21 o 
Cob Nuts and Fil¬ 
berts, per too lbs.18 o 
Grapes, per lb. 1 0 
Pine-apples. 
—St, Miobael’s each 1 6 
s. d. 
3 6 
6 o 
