532 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
April 20, 1895. 
teaching in connection with agriculture, 
and practical work is carried on rather 
extensively in the laboratory. Botany 
includes elementary anatomy, physiology, 
the nutrition of plants, diseases of plants, 
and descriptive botany, together with the 
systematic classification of plants belonging 
to the principal natural orders, with special 
reference to the pasture and meadow 
grasses. 
Horticulture receives more special atten¬ 
tion at the Horticultural College, Swanley, 
Kent, where the institution is partly kept 
up by grants devoted to the purpose of 
technical instruction. A number of the best 
students are assisted by scholarships. Here 
again the various cognate sciences having 
a bearing upon horticulture and the sister 
industry, agriculture, but more particularly 
theformer, are recognised. Botany includes 
theoretical and practical work, the latter 
consisting of microscopic manipulation of 
plants together with demonstrations in the 
garden. Both in Kent and Essex there 
are numerous women students and teachers 
or instructresses. The fact cannot be over¬ 
looked that the advantages of technical 
instruction are being extended to various 
sections of the community, and must make 
their influence felt in proportion as the 
area and scope are extended so as to reach 
the greatest number, and the terms are 
within reach of all would-be students. 
- , l„ — 
Mr. T. A. Glover, late gardener at Manor House, 
Wallington, has been engaged as gardener to F. 
Macmillan, Esq., Temple Dinsley, near Hitchin. 
Mr. D. Sheppard, for the last thirteen years with 
Lord Sudeley, has been engaged as gardener and 
forester at Rostellan Castle, co. Cork. 
Mr. J. J. Gribble, late of the Royal Gardens, Kew, 
has been appointed gardener to — Tapp Esq., The 
Gables, Shortlands, Kent. 
Edinburgh Junior Horticultural Association. —At the 
last monthly meeting of this Society, at which Mr. 
W. G. Smith, B.Sc., Ph.D., presided, two very 
interesting papers were read. The first by Mr. 
Jobson, of Meadow Park Nurseries, on “ Hard- 
wooded Plants for Spring Flowering," and the 
second by Mr. C. Mackenzie, of Warriston Nurseries, 
on " Decorative Palms." Both the essayists dealt 
ably with their subjects. There was a good attend¬ 
ance of members, and a lively discussion followed 
the reading of the papers. 
Death of Mr. J. W. Thomson.— We regret to hear of 
the death at Hayward’s Heath on the 28th ult., in 
his 91st year, of Mr. John William Thomson, 
formerly a nurseryman at Hammersmith and Penge, 
and whose connection with gardening extended 
back to the reign of George IV, he having com¬ 
menced his horticultural career in the Royal Lodge 
Gardens at Windsor, in 1819. Mr. Thomson was 
born at Attingham Hall, near Shrewsbury,]where his 
father was gardener to the Earl of Berwick, as his 
grandfather had been before him. While at Windsor, 
a great deal of the laying out and planting around 
Virginia Water was carried out under his superin¬ 
tendence, and after several years’ stay at Windsor he 
went under Mr. Aiton to the Botanic Gardens at 
Kew, whence he subsequently went to Syon House 
as gardener to the Duke of Northumberland, whose 
Duchess was governess or preceptor to the then 
young Queen Victoria. In 1833 Vanda teres flowered 
for the first time at Syon, and the young Queen had 
the first bouquet of this lovely Orchid ever made 
in England. Mr. Thomson many years ago went 
into business at Hammersmith, and subsequently 
went to Penge, which place he left for Hayward’s 
Heath, Sussex, in 1876, and of late years has 
practically lived there in retirement, his extensive 
glass houses being allowed to go to rack and ruin. 
Phylloxera Devastations in the Gironde Vineyards.— 
Consul Ward writes :—" Since the first appearance 
of the Phylloxera in the Gironde department some 
fourteen years ago up to the middle of 1894, it has 
entirely destroyed 127,438 acres of vine-growing 
land, while a further area of 205,513 acres of vine¬ 
yards has been more or less infested without its 
having been found actually necessary, as yet at 
least, to root up the Vines therein. A small propor¬ 
tion of these 205,513 acres, viz., 57,642 acres, has 
been and is still subjected to preventative treatment, 
consisting either in submersion, or in the application 
of sulpho-carbonate of potassium or of sulphuretted 
carbon; but the remaining 147,871 acres of infested 
vineyards have not been, and are not being treated at 
all. Only 93,115 acres of wine-producing land have 
accordingly, so far, remained entirely free from the 
inroads of the Phylloxera worm in the Gironde. On 
the other hand, the total area of new Vine planta¬ 
tions made in the Gironde during the period above 
referred to has reached 86,220 acres, of which 
80,650 acres consist in Franco-American Vines (i.e., 
American Vines grafted with French varieties) and 
5.570 acres in direct-producing American Vines. 
Adding these above-mentioned figures, viz., 93,115 
acres not attacked by Phylloxera hitherto, 205,513 
acres infested but not destroyed by Phylloxera, and 
86,220 acres new Vine plantations, it will be found 
that the present aggregate area of vineyards in this 
department is 384,850 acres, that is to say, very 
nearly the same as it was stated to have been in 
1893. Inasmuch, however, as the area of vineyards 
entirely destroyed by the Phylloxera during the 
twelve months 1893-94 is known to have been very 
considerable, the fact of the total area of vineyards 
in 1894 having been nearly the same as those for 
1893, tends to prove that the extent of new planta¬ 
tions made in 1893-94 in the Gironde must likewise 
have been considerable. 
Death of Mr. W. S. Kimball.—It is with deep regret 
that we announce the death of W. S. Kimball, Esq., 
of Rochester, N. Y., who died on March 26th, after 
an illness of one week, at the Princes Ave. Hotel, 
Virginia Beach, Virginia, where he had been staying 
during the winter. Deceased has held a prominent 
position in floriculture for many years, and his 
genial disposition and kindliness of manner toward 
those who came in contact with him in this particular 
line will long be remembered. Since the sale of the 
then famous collection of choice plants and Orchids 
at South Amboy, N. J., at which Mr. Kimball was a 
large purchaser, his name has figured prominently in 
this country and also in Europe, as a connoisseur 
and buyer of the rarest Orchids, and from time to 
time, until his death, valuable specimens have been 
added to his collection, so that now it ranks as one 
of the best in the world. It is in charge of George 
Savage, who has been in the employ of the deceased 
gentleman for several years.— Florists' Exchange. 
Market Gardening in the Evesham 'District.— Among 
the witnesses recently examined before the Royal 
Commission on Agriculture was Mr. J. K. Wood¬ 
ward, market gardener, of Evesham. He stated 
that the market gardens of the Evesham district 
extended to nearly 8,000 acres, mainly cultivated as 
spade industry, and all planted with fruit trees and 
bushes, Asparagus, &c. Most of the land in the 
district was suitable for market gardening, and there 
was a great demand for small holdings for the purpose. 
Market gardens were usually held on yearly tenancies, 
but a few leases existed for terms of five or seven 
years, although there were exceptional cases where 
leases extended to twenty-one years. Owners were 
not in favour of granting leases, and in many instances 
refused them altogether; but where granted a higher 
rental than that paid by the yearly tenant was 
invariably asked. He had never seen any clause in 
an agreement enabling a tenant to claim compensation 
for improvements— i. e., for planting fruit trees, fruit 
bushes, Asparagus, &c. ; artisan gardeners were not 
generally informed upon their taking a farm that if 
they planted fruit trees, &c., they would do so at their 
own risk, but they were protected to some extent by 
the custom of the country. The rents of market 
gardeners had not been reduced, and there was no 
depression amongst market gardeners. Very little 
market garden land was let at less than £4 per acre, 
rents of £5 to £7 per acre were not uncommon, and 
some land let even higher. Evesham was favoured 
by having two large systems of railway service, 
placing it in direct communication with most of the 
large manufacturing districts, but the preference rate 
given to foreign produce was considered a great 
hardship. Another grievance was that the rate for 
lots of two or three hundredweight was nearly double 
pro rata, that of a two-ton lot. A custom prevailed on 
most estates in the Evesham district whereby a free 
sale of all tenant-right was permitted, the landlord 
requiring that the incoming tenant should be 
sufficiently substantial. The outgoing tenant fixed 
his own valuation, and on finding a purchaser both 
went to the landlord or his agent and the name of the 
incoming tenant was substituted on the rent-roll. 
THE ROSE AND 
CLEMATIS. 
Having had some most charming combinations of 
beauty and colour from these two flowers, and know¬ 
ing that there must necessarily be many gaps among 
our Roses after the late frost, I would suggest a few 
of these to my readers. Wherever blanks occur in 
beds of Roses we can plant Clematises of the 
Jackmanni type. Here we have a choice of colour 
from pure white to deepest purple and blue. They 
will grow and flower well the first season, and also 
come into their chief beauty after the main crop of 
Rose bloom is passed. Walls, fences, pillars, as 
well as beds and borders may be beautified in this 
way. A change of flower and colour is gained, while 
the cost of Clematises is very little if any beyond 
that of pot Roses, and I fear many of us must look 
to these for our blank spaces. 
Apart from this there is no reason why the two 
flowers should not be combined. Take the pillar 
Roses for example. These flower well once in the 
summer, but are comparatively bare of bloom in 
August and September. Now it is just at this 
period when the Clematises are simply gorgeous, 
and the apparently careless and natural manner in 
which they clamber among the spent Rose growth 
is most charming. Each will grow in the same soil, 
and enjoys the same treatment, while neither can 
harm the other in any way. I would always keep to 
the Jackmani type, because these are practically 
herbaceous. This allows of our cutting out surplus 
wood of our Roses in spring without the least fear of 
harming any growth of the Clematis. A thinner 
show of Rose wood upon our pillars and arches than 
is generally found would be a decided advantage. 
Far better to have less wood and all of the desired 
kind, than to retain the tangled mass too often found. 
Take the precaution of earthing over or moulding up 
the base of both Roses and Clematises, and at the 
return of early spring scatter a little soot or lime 
around the latter as protection against slugs, who 
are very fond of the young growths. Rambling 
among our Roses on walls and fences, too, the many 
colours of Clematis impart a pleasing autumnal and 
late summer effect, where we should otherwise have 
a comparative dearth of flowers. 
In beds of strong-growing dwarfs, also, more 
especially those used for pegging down, I would 
employ the Clematis for its autumnal display. 
Where ample room exists, a grand effect is gained 
by planting a bed of Roses with one variety of 
Clematis—say Duke of Edinburgh for the Rose and 
Jackmani superba for the Clematis. Here we get the 
glowing scarlet of the Rose through June to J uly, and 
the deep Durple of Clematis from then until frosts 
are with us. A very little thought in arrangement 
will give us flowers from June until October with 
these two flowers alone. We may so arrange our 
small beds upon lawns or by the sides of drives that 
the colours of Roses assist the effect of each other, 
and are followed by Clematises which will make 
similar foils and contrasts. These pegged down 
Roses are beautiful for a few weeks only, after which 
the flower is gone and only growth remains, except 
for here and there a stray blossom. Vigorous and 
upright growths spring from the base and 
give a somewhat rough appearance to our beds, 
but if we have a few Clematises among these, the 
growths will not only run among the lower branches 
of Roses, but also climb several of the upright stems, 
and these impart a most artistic and pleasing 
effect for the rest of the season. We use these 
flowers in combination over bowers and summer 
houses, but too often fail to follow out the same idea 
apart from these structures. 
Cut away the old wood, both of Roses and 
Clematis in the spring; give a good mulch of 
thoroughly decayed manure, and then fasten the 
maiden wood into the desired horizontal position. 
Give a dusting of lime or soot to protect against slugs 
in the case of the Clematis and no more trouble need 
be taken until the next spring. A beautiful and almost 
certain show will thus be secured all through 
summer and autumn, with a most delightful change 
of colour and form. At first, when the Roses are in 
flower, the beds will be comparatively level or flat; 
afterwards, both Rose and Clematis will rapidly 
impart a broken form that is sure to be pleasing.— 
Exper ience. ___ 
Chrysanthemums and their Culture. By Edvrin 
Molyneux. Eighth Edition. By far the best practical work yet 
written on this subject. Price, is.; post free, is. 2d. Publisher, 
Gardening World, i, Clement's Inn, Strand, London, W.c, 
