April 20, 1895. 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
541 
great caution is exercised in the opening and 
shutting of the lights. Air must be given very 
gradually, and on one side of the house only, viz., 
upon the sunny side. Now and again one comes 
across houses ventilated upon the old plan and 
having the lights towards the north. To ventilate 
on this side of the house in the case of three-quarter 
span or hip-roof ereclions is exceedingly dangerous 
and is a proceeding that cannot be too strongly 
deprecated ; for, whilst Vines at all periods of their 
growth, before the colouring of the fruit particularly, 
dislike and make haste to resent the presence of cold 
draughts, at the stoning time this dislike is consider¬ 
ably increased, and the injury resulting from a 
wanton disregard of this important point in success¬ 
ful Grape growing is illustrated in proportion. With 
regard to fruit culture under glass, every gardener 
knows that if he is going to have the pleasure of 
seeing strong sturdy growth upon his Vines or 
Peaches air must be given both regularly and well. 
Accordingly, the present trying time is exceedingly 
vexatious, and no one can wonder that gardeners 
one and all are earnestly wishing for a cessation 
of these unkindly remembrances of winter which have 
such a blighting effect upon vegetation generally, but 
which have insisted in staying so long with us.— G. 
-■*»- 
Quescions add msojgrs. 
*„* Will our friends who send us newspapers be so good 
as to mark the paragraphs or articles they wish us to see. 
We shall be greatly obliged by their so doing. 
Pine and Plane, &c. — Bois : The Plane is a 
native of the Levant, and doubtless grows wild there 
even yet. The Pine is an aboriginal native in this 
country, and there are primeval woods of it in 
Inverness ; it also becomes naturalised in various 
parts of the Highlands. The Wild Cherry (Prunus 
avium), and the Bird Cherry (P. padus), are different 
species. The Cornelian Cherry is Cornus mas, and 
other species of Cornus are also spoken of as Cornel. 
In our opinion there are several trees that are loftier 
than the Oak. There are many species of Poplar, 
and you should state to what particular species you 
refer. There seems to be no reason why birds should 
not build in Weeping Willows provided they find a 
suitable position for the nest. Insects may be found 
by chance, as it were, in any kind of tree, including 
Weeping Willows, but certain insects affect certain 
kinds of tree only when in quest of food or when 
laying their eggs. Willow trees, generally, support 
a great variety of species of insects. 
Birds and Trees. — Arbre: We do not believe 
that the birds you mention would evince any special 
liking for withered trees in preference to those 
clothed with foliage. You should be more specific 
than use such terms as doves and fauvettes, for 
there are several species of dove, and some frequent 
woods, while others take to rocks, towers, and 
houses. The wood of the Apple tree is fine grained, 
hard, and dark in colour, and, we believe, is occa¬ 
sionally used in turnery; it is also used for making 
wood ashes and charcoal in gardens, and may be 
used as firewood, but it is hardly a commercial tree 
for the sake of its timber. On some parts of the 
Continent, hedges are made of the Wild Apple or 
Crab. The leaves are eaten by horses, cows, sheep, 
and goats, and in gardens they may occasionally be 
used for making leaf mould, though no special 
preference is given them. 
Orchids from Liverpool.— F. H. Moore : The 
variety of Dendrobium Wardianum which you sent 
was rather distinct in its way owing to the twisting 
of the sepals, but it differed from D. W. Elvinia in 
the manner of twisting and in size, though the 
flowers may not have been at their best. The 
lateral sepals of D. W. Elvinia are turned down¬ 
wards then become incurved, approaching one 
another like a bull’s horns, and the whole flower is 
of great size. The varieties of D. nobile are light- 
coloured, but the one with the larger flowers appears 
to be D. nobile elegans, or a close approach to it. 
The variety of Odontoglossum Cervantesii was very 
pretty and comes close to O. C. decorum, but the 
latter has a few purple spots scattered all over the 
lip besides the other markings, which in your 
specimen were beautifully clear and well defined. 
All were rather dried up before we had time to make 
a note of them owing to the interruption of the 
holidays. Possibly after another season’s growth 
the Dendrobium will be in finer condition. 
Red flowers.— Rubens : Heuchera sanguinea is 
the Red-flowered Alum Root, and Anthurium 
Scherzerianum the Flamingo Plant. There is no 
English name for Masdevallia. We do not know 
the Flesh Plant nor crimson Darnel-flower under 
those names. The Foxglove and Centaury would 
hardly be in bloom during June. The Columbine 
and Red Sandwort might be flowering then. 
Juneating or Joaneting is yellow, Dutch Codlin and 
English Codlin are green, and all three have a faint 
red cheek ; Nonsuch has broad red stripes next the 
sun; Norfolk Beefing is brownish red; Norfolk 
Storing is the Winter Colman and is dull red on 
the shaded side but mahogany brown on the sunny 
side. Of the above only the Juneating would ripen 
in June, the Codlins and Nonsuch in September; 
the Norfolk Beefing ripens in January and keeps 
till June; the Winter Colman ripens in November 
and keeps till April. 
Young Apple and Pear trees.— Omega: We 
should give them what pruning is necessary at once 
whether newly planted or not; it will make them break 
all the stronger. The fact of their having been 
recently planted, makes it certain that the root system 
has been more or less curtailed and therefore less 
able to support a large top. Besides, if you allow 
the trees to complete another year's growth before 
pruning them, you will lose a year's time in the 
pruning, and what is more, the shoots that are so 
left will be more or less bare of buds and spurs to¬ 
wards the base, so that when you prune them back 
next winter or spring, the poor buds at the base can 
neither break so freely nor so strong as they would 
when the shoots of one year’s growth only have been 
cut back. 
Communications Received.—A. D.—W. H. W. 
—A. M.—Wanderer—J. G.—D. and G.—Boz.— 
W. W. A.—E. D. H.—S. B. 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET. 
April 17 th, 1895. 
Fruit.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
s . d s. d. I s. d. s. d. 
Apples.per bushel 30 90 Grapes, per lb. 1050 
Nova Scotia Apoles | Pine-appies. 
per barrel 12 0 21 o | —St. Miohael’s each 26 60 
Cob Nuts and Fil- 1 Strawberries, Nobles, 
berts, per 100 lbs.18 0 1 per lb. 16 20 
I Other varieties, 
per lb. 2 0 50 
Vegetables. 
t. 
ArtlcbokesGlobedoz. 3 
Beans, French, perlb. 2 
Beet.per dozen 2 
Cabbages ... per doz. 3 
Carrots ... per bunch 0 
Cauliflowers.doz. 3 
Celery.per bundle 1 
Cucumbers .eaih 0 
Endive, French, doz. 2 
Herbs .per bunch 0 
Horse Radish, bundle 2 
-Average Retail Prices. 
1. d. 
6 0 
1. d. t. d. 
Lettuces ...per dozen 30 00 
Mushrooms, p. basket 1 0 
Onions.per bunoh 0 4 
Parsley ... per bunch 0 6 
Radishes... per dozen 1 6 
Seakale...per basket 2 6 
Smallsalading,punnet o 4 
Spinach .per lb. 0 6 
Tomatos. per lb. 0 6 
Turnips.per bun. 0 6 
1 6 
0 6 
3 o 
Plants in Pots.—Average Wholesale Prices 
f. d. t. d. 
Arbor Vitae (golden) 
per doz. 60120 
Aspidistra, doz. 18 o 36 o 
„ specimen 
plants. 5 o 10 6 
Azaleas, each . 30 40 
Cinerarias, per doz. 9 o 12 o 
Cyclamen, per doz. 9 0 12 o 
Dracaena, various, 
per doz. iz 0 30 0 
Dracaena virldis.doz. 9 o 18 0 
Erica, various,doz.... 9 o 18 0 
Euonymus, var. doz. 6 o 18 o 
Evergreens,invar.doz 6 0 24 0 
t. d. 1. d. 
Ferns, invar.,per doz. 4 0 18 0 
Ferns, small, per too 40 60 
Ficus elastica, each 10 *» 0 
Foliage Plants, var., 
each 2 o 10 0 
Hyacinths, per doz 9 0 12 o 
Lycopodiums, doz. 30 40 
Marguerite Daisy, 
per doz. 6 0 12 0 
Myrtles, doz. 60 90 
Palms in variety.eacn 1 o 15 o 
Palms, Specimen ...21 o 6t o 
Primulas, doz.40 60 
Cut Flowers.—Average Wholesale Prices 
s. d. s. d. s. d. 1. d. 
Arum Lilies, i2blms. 40 60 
Azalea, doz. sprays 06 10 
Asparagus Fern, bun. 20 30 
Bouvardias, per bun. 06 10 
Carnations doz.blms. 20 30 
Double Daffodils, 
doz. bchs. 26 36 
Single Daffodils, 
doz. bchs. 30 40 
Euoharls ...per doz. 40 60 
Gardenias ...per doz. 30 40 
Geranium, scarlet, 
doz. bunches 60 90 
Lilac (French) 
per bch. 50 60 
Lllium longlflorrm 
per doz. 40 60 
Marguerites. 12 bun. 16 30 
MaidenhairFern,i2bs.4 060 
Orchids, doz. blooms 1 6 12 o 
Pelargoniums,12 bun. 60 90 
Primula, double, doz. 
sprays 06 10 
Pyrethrum doz. bun. 20 40 
Roses (indoor), doz. o 6 
,, Tea,white, doz. 1 0 
,, Yellow, doz. ... 2 0 
,, Safrano 
(English), doz. ... 1 3 
Roses (French), 
yellow, doz. 
blooms .1 6 
Roses (French), red, 
doz. blooms. ... 2 o 
Smilax, per bunch ... 4 o 
; Stephanotis, doz. 
sprays .4 0 
Tuberoses, doz. 
blooms .0 4 
Violets (English) doz. 
bun. .1 6 
Violets (French) 
Parme, per bun. 2 6 
Violets (French) 
Czar, per bun. ... 2 o 
Violets (French) 
Victoria,doz. bun. 2 6 
1 0 
2 o 
3 0 
2 0 
2 0 
2 6 
6 0 
6 0 
0 6 
2 6 
3 6 
3 0 
4 ° 
Amateurs, hints for. 
American Periodicals 
Balcony Plants .. 
Begonia, the tuberous 
Bougainvillea glabra.. 
Bulbophyllum nigro- 
petalum .535 
Campanulas, Garden.539 
Dendrobium Jamesianum 536 
Flower Garden, the .535 
Fruit under Glass .535 
Gardener’s Education .538 
Hardy Fruit Garden.535 
Imantophyllums.536 
Kimball, Mr. W. S , 
Death of..532 
PAGE 
Laelia flava aurantiaca.535 
Lionel Crawshay.535 
Masdevallia lubibunda.535 
Odontoglossum gloriosum 535 
Odontoglossum triumphans 
Rosefield var.535 
Onions, Planting out.536 
Orchid Notes .534 
Pansies and Violas .534 
Plants for Furnishing .533 
Plants, new. Certificated...533 
Rose and Clematis.532 
Seakaie, Propagation of ...540 
Technical Instruction. 531 
Thomson, Mr, W. J., 
Death of.532 
I Ventilation .540 
OOITTBITTS 
PAGE 
536 
533 
540 
536 
533 
FERNS & FERN CULTURE, 
By J. Birkenhead, F.R.H.S. 
How to grow Ferns, with selections for Stove, 
Warm, Cool, and Cold Greenhouses; for Baskets, 
Walls, Wardian Cases, Dwelling Houses, <fcc. 
Price is.; by post, is. 3 d. 
1, CLE DENT’S INN, STRAND, LONDON, f.C. 
mEcnof*iAii puplD. 
A FUND is being raised to commemorate the 
services to Horticulture of the late William 
Thomson, of Clovenfords, the sum collected 
to be given to the Gardeners' Royal Benevolent 
Institution, and the Royal Gardeners’ Orphan Fund. 
Should a sufficient sum be obtained, it is proposed 
to keep a pensioner in perpetuity on the Funds of 
each Institution. To enable this to be done a sum 
of £1,250 is necessary ; a perpetual pension to the 
G. R. B. I. requiring£750,and that to the R. G. O. F. 
£500, the power of electing these pensioners being 
in the hands of the Royal Caledonian Horticultural 
Society, Edinburgh. 
Should a sufficient sum not be obtained for this 
purpose, it is proposed to divide the amount raised 
between the two Institutions proportionately. 
It is hoped that a very liberal response will be 
received, not only on account of the esteem in which 
Mr. Thomson was held, but also on account of the 
object to which the Fund is to be devoted. 
A Committee, the names of which you will find 
annexed, has been formed to collect subscriptions, 
and I trust you will become a contributor to this 
very laudable object. 
-o- 
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE FOR ENGLAND, 
Chairman— H. J. VEITCH. 
J. G. VEITCH, Honorary Secretary. 
Royal Exotic Nursery, 
King’s Road, 
Chelsea, S.W. 
To either of whom subscriptions may be sent. 
It is proposed to dose the Fund on May 1st. 
“ EUREKA” 
WEED KILLER 
Safe, Effective, and Cheap. 
There is no risk of poisoning birds or animals when applying 
this preparation. Guaranteed to clear all weeds, mixes at 
once, no sediment, leaves the paths bright and clean, without 
stains. 
Various sizes. 2s. 6d. per Gallon, makes 51 
Gallons of dressing. 
Sample Half Gallon tin post free for stamps, 2 s. 
PLEASE MENTION THIS PAPER. 
Only Address— 
TOMLINSON & HAYWARD, 
Mint St. Chemical Works, Lincoln. 
Ask your Chemist or Seedsman for this make. 
SMYTH’S 
SOILS, &c. 
SPECIALLY SELECTED ORCHID PEAT. 
Black and B'own Peat 
Silver Sand and Loam 
Cocoa Nut Fibre Refuse 
Leaf and Peat Mould 
Specially Prepared Mould 
Sphagnum Moss 
Guano and Dissolved Bones 
Bones, J inch and J inch 
Bone Dust, guaranteed pure 
Blood and Bone Manure 
highly recommended 
Horticultural Charcoal [Paper 
Tobacco Cloth, far superior to 
Mushroom Spawn 
Russia and Archangel Mats 
Pot Washing Brushes 
Virgin Cork and Raffia [Twine 
Tanned Netting & Tarred 
Trug Garden Baskets 
Flower Sticks, from i to 5 feet 
Wooden Labels, from 4 to I2in. 
Thin Bamboo Canes 
Rose and Dahlia Stakes, about 
5 feet 
Orchid Baskets and Teak Rods 
Greenhouse Blinds made to 
order 
Patent Bass Brooms 
Smyth’s Orchid and Hothouse 
Shading 
Write for Price List, free by post, 
H. 0. SMYTH, 
21, GOLDSMITH STKEET, DRURY L4NE, W.C 
TO BE HEALTHY PLANTS MUST BE CLEAN. 
Fumigate with 
CAMPBELL’S Fumigating Insecticide 
With the improved process of manufacture, and the tests 
it is subjected to by the makers, and ourselves in 4^ acres of 
glass houses, we are able to ask all plant growers who have 
not tried it to do so with confidence, 
GROWERS of FERNS, ORCHIDS, GRAPES and other 
INDOOR FRUIT, also of PELARGONIUMS, CINER¬ 
ARIAS, CALCEOLARIAS, &c., state that their plants, 
&c., are now quite clean with timely fumigations. 
MEALY BUG on STEPHANOTIS, &c M is kept in check 
by the use of 
CAMPBELL’S FUMIGATING INSECTICIDE 
Bear in mind we are the only wholesale dealers in Insecti¬ 
cides who are using on a large scale the preparations they 
sell in their own Nurseries, and therefore, able to speak with 
confidence as Gardeners who actually use to Gardeners who 
ought to use this article. 
( No. 3 Roll,for 1000 cubic feet of space, Is. each 1 Post 
PRICE {No. 4 „ 2000 „ „ ls. 9 d. „ | free. 
Win. CLIBRAN & SON, 
OLDFIELD NURSERIES, ALTRINCHAM; 
10 & 12 , Market Street, MANCHESTER; 
Also at Llandudno Junction, &c. 
