May 11, 1895. 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
579 
PANSIES AND VIOLAS. 
For 6/- I will send (he following 13 vars. fancy Pansies— 
Miss Stirling, 1895 was awarded the special prizes of the 
Scottish Pansy Society at Edinburgh and Glasgow for the best 
new Pansy in the- shows; H. A. Stuart, 1895, the best dark 
fancy Pansy yet offered ; Col. Coats, Jas. McFarlane. Marmion, 
Mrs. J. Currie, Jessie Ford, Jessie Russell, Lord Roberts, Mr. 
W. McIntosh, R. Young, Madge Lockhead, Col. J. S. Stirling, 
all 1894 varieties. 
For 3/- 1 will send Jessie Travis, 1895 var., John Black, Lady 
Terry, Miss Arthur, 1894 var., A. H. Murray. H. McGregor, 
Jas. Currie, M. Beatson, Janet Brand, Mrs. C. E. Scarce, Mrs. 
McCorquodale, Mrs. R. Niven, Tom Terry. 
SHOW PANSIES. 
For 3/- I will send 4 vars. of 1894 and 11 choice competition 
Sorts. 
For 3/- I will send 5 new varieties and 1: best 1894 varieties 
VIOLAS. 
The best 13 Violas in cultivation for 4/-Tara, Milkmaid, 
Purple Empress, Lizzie Graham, 1895 var., Blue Garter, 
Hibernia, Cecilia, Iona Craigi, Erin; 1894 varieties; H. W. 
Stuart, Accushla, Mrs. C. F. Gordon. 
The best 13 rayless Violas for 4/-Tara. Geo. Lord, Mary 
Stewart, Mary Scott, Oriole, Flower of the Day, Cordelia, 
Border Witch, Vestal, Sweet Lavender, Luteala, President, 
Christiana. 
For 2/6—Admiration, best purple, Beautiful Snow, pure 
white, Hibernia, violet and lilac, Mary Stuart, primrose, Gold¬ 
finch, dull gold, edged pale purple, Ariel, mauve, shaded 
white, Princess Beatrice, deep rose, Lemon Queen, pale lemon, 
Duchess, pink self, Charmer, crimson and lavender, Mary 
Scott, white, suffused lilac, Loveligbt, pure white, picoteed 
lavender; 100 plants in these 12 varieties tor 12/6, 50 for 7/6. 
VIOLETTAS. 
Sweet-scented Violettas, 12 varieties for 2/6, 100 plants in 3 
varieties for 10/-. 
CATALOGUES FREE. 
S. PYE, Catterall, Garsfang, Lane. 
FERNS SPECIALITY. 
A MAGNIFICENT STOCK IN IMMENSE VARIETY. 
Catalogue (No. 40) Free on Application. 
W. & J. BIRKENHEAD, F.R.H.S., 
Fern Nurseries, Sale, near Manchester. 
ORCHIDS. 
Clean Healthy Plants at Low Prices. 
Always worth a visit of inspection. Kindly send for Catalogue. 
JAMES CYPHER, 
Exotic Nurseries, CHELTENHAM. 
Carnations! Carnations ! 
Carnations! 
The Choicest Varieties in Cultivation, from the 
late Mr. Dodwell's Garden, 
FROM 6s. PER DOZEN. UPWARDS. 
DESCRIPTIVE LIST ON APPLICATION TO— 
ARTHUR MEDHURST, 
THE COTTAGE, STANLEY ROAD, OXFORD. 
FLORISTS' FLOWERS 
AND 
HARDY BORDER PLANTS. 
FORBES’ ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE 
for 1893 is now ready, and will be posted to all intending 
Purchasers. 
The new Catalogue for 1895 is enlarged to about 150 pages 
and very materially improved, embracing everything new and 
old worth cultivating in the way of Florists' Flowers and 
Hardy Plants with accurate description and prices, copious 
notes as to their origin, how, and where best to grow, a full 
index of the common or popular name? of Hardy Border 
Plants and a vast mass of other valuable information that 
cannot be had elsewhere, which renders this the best, most 
reliable, and complete catalogue ever issued on this popular 
class of plants. 
JOHN FORBES, Nurseryman, Hawick, Scotland. 
JACK FROST 
has caused many losses that can be made good in 
an easy and cheap manner by purchasing the follow¬ 
ing bulbs and plants which I can recommend as being 
first class. 
BEGONIAS, SINGLE. 
20,000 grand bulbs, mixed colours, finest ever offered 
at the price, 3s. per dozen. 
PELARGONIUMS, SHOW AND DECORATIVE. 
Fine plants in best kinds, 6s., gs.,and 12s. per dozen. 
ZONAL PELARGONIUMS. 
Best kinds only, 6 for 2s. 6d., 12 for 4s. 
IYY-LEAF PELARGONIUMS. 
A very choice lot, 6 for 2s. 6d., 12 for 4s. 
DOUBLE PETUNIAS. 
Extra fine new kinds, 6 for 3s. 6d., 12 for 6s. 
Send fot Catalogue, Free. 
H. «J. JONES, 
Ryecroft Nursery, Hither Green, Lewisham. 
THE NEW EARLY STRAWBERRY FOR 1893. 
“ Stevens Wonder.” 
The earliest variety in cultivation and very prolific, 
solid fruit, good flavour, high perfume. 
Awarded First-class Cert.ficates, Royal Horti¬ 
cultural Society and Royal Botanic Society, 1895. 
See Gardeners' Chronicle, March 2 ; Journal of Horti¬ 
culture, March 14 ; and The Garden, March 16. 
Having purchased the whole of the stock of this 
grand new early Strawberry from the raiser, we have 
pleasure in offering it as follows :— 
Strong plants in pots, £5 per 100 ; 15/- per doz. 
,, Runners, £•>, per 100 ; 9/- per doz. 
Ready for Delivery Early in July. 
Eariy Orders requested as stock is limited. 
Further particulars upon application ; — 
WM. CUTBUSH & SON, 
Highgate Nurseries, London, and Barnet, Herts. 
For Index to Contents see page 589. 
“ Gardening Is the purest of human pleasures, and the greatest 
refreshment to the spirit of man "— Bacon. 
Cfo 4aijd^ii|5 Djlorld. 
Edited by BRIAN WYNNE. 
SATURDAY , MAY nth, 1895. 
NEXT WEEK'S ENGAGEMENTS. 
Tuesday, May iqih.—Royal Horticultural Society: meeting of 
Committees at 12 o'clock. 
Orchid Sale at Protheroe & Morris’ Rooms. 
Wednesday, May 15th.—Royal Botanic Socittj’s Summer 
Show. 
Plant Sale at Protheroe & Morris’ Rooms. 
Friday, May 17th.—Orchid Sale at Protheroe & Morris’ 
Rooms. 
PgloMATos all the Year Round. —Fifteen 
“ years ago or more there was a desire on 
the part of cultivators, if not actually a de¬ 
mand on the part of consumers, tor a supply 
of Tomatos all the year round. In private 
establishments the supply is limited by the 
conveniences of the place as to house-room, 
the command of heating arrangements, the 
skill of the cultivator, and the capabilities of 
the particular variety of Tomato obtainable 
for cultivation at the more critical periods of 
the year—to wit, in autumn, winter and 
spring. About the above mentioned time, 
a great, or the chief complaint seemed to be 
the difficulty of obtaining a reliable variety 
that could be depended upon to fruit in 
winter. Several sorts were recommended 
by the seedsmen as suitable for that 
purpose, but after a considerable lapse of 
time many of the plants turned out to be 
what were vulgarly termed mongrels. 
Whether the seeds were actually mixed, or 
the varieties were of unfixed or bad strains 
it would now be difficult to say, although 
we readily grant that varieties tend to 
degenerate unless annually selected with 
great care as to type and desirable qualities. 
There are even those who affirm that the 
life of a variety hardly extends beyond ten 
years. However all this may be, we are 
decidedly of opinion that it is greatly a 
matter of cultivation as to whether the best 
varieties already in existence will bear well 
or ill, and that successful cultivators have 
solved the problem from time to time, and 
we must look forward to further and more 
widely disseminated progress in this diiec- 
tion. 
Since the time of which we speak 
numerous improvements have been accom- 
plishsdin theraising ofthe varieties valuable 
for some purpose or other, yet the necessity 
for a home supply of Tomatos in winter is 
as hypothetical as ever. Not even in a 
tithe of the private establishments of the 
country is any attempt made to produce a 
a supply of Tomatos for the household in 
winter, far less a supply for the general 
community. Amongst recent varieties that 
have been put forward as good ones for 
winter fruiting are Lady Bird and All the 
Year Round, the latter, as far as shape goes, 
being much in the style of King Humbert, 
Vick’s Criterion and Chiswick Red. Colour 
and quality may be entirely different, but 
evidently the greatest recommendation that 
either of the above sorts possess is that 
they set freely, and when cultural treatment 
is good the stems are short-jointed and the 
bunches close together. There are, how¬ 
ever, several older varieties that set freely, 
but it frequently happens that the merits of 
an old sort are entirely overlooked or 
ignored. Concurrently with the question 
of free setting is that of quality. Under 
no circumstances, as far as present 
appliances are concerned, can Tomatos 
ripened in comparatively sunless winters 
be expected to equal in quality those pro¬ 
duced in summer. There may be some¬ 
thing in store for us in the future, however, 
if the electric light can be pressed into the 
service of the cultivator. Even in this 
respect we are already behind the 
Americans in the making of experiments, 
the introduction of the improvements and 
making of innovations ; if we proceed slowly 
and cautiously, truly our movements are 
tardy. Should electric lighting supply 
the defects of sunlight in our northern 
latitudes, even so far as to bring fruit, 
including Tomatos, up to the summer 
standard of quality, a great point would be 
gained, and another record of human 
achievement accomplished. 
Notwithstanding the improvements in 
appliances that have been made and placed 
at the command of modern cultivators, we 
still pay a large sum for Tomatos of foreign 
production. Overlooking allother producers 
for the moment, except the growers in the 
Channel Islands (whom we do not actually 
look upon as foieigners), let us consider the 
lessons which they teach us. A large 
number of them are not professionals at all, 
or were not, but simply commenced as 
amateurs, making blunders and failures in 
cultivation such as amateurs here might be 
expected to do, yet their energy and 
perseverance has enabled them to surmount 
many difficulties, to build fresh houses and 
to supply the markets of our principal 
towns with yearly increasing quantities ot 
Tomatos as well as other produce. If well- 
lighted houses of simple construction enable 
those islanders to accomplish so much, 
why may it not be done here, notwith¬ 
standing the slightly different conditions of 
climate ? Tomatos are brought from much 
greater distances, and everyone, at all 
conversant with the subject knows that soft 
fruit intended for long journeys must be 
gathered before it is properly matured 
greatly at the expense of quality. In many 
cases the supply is brought from such 
distances, and the time that must elapse 
before it is placed before the consuming 
public so great, that Tomatos constitute 
sorry eating even after they have been 
subjected to the process of cooking. 
Surely all this can be remedied or to a 
great extent modified ; and, where ordinary 
methods of practical cultivation fall short 
of the desired end, there may be a prospect 
of aid from scientific sources to help in the 
march of progress. But it is unnecessary 
to dwell on the prospects and possibilities 
of scientific discoveries and accomplish¬ 
ments in the strictest sense of the term when 
it is well known that a wide diffusion 
of the knowledge of good practical 
gardening would stand many a cultivator 
in good stead and enable him to place high 
quality produce on the market. It is true 
