May 18, 1895. 
THE GARDENING WORLD* 
605 
first-class quality. A very interesting exhibit of 
Tomatos, Potatos, and Bananas, came from the 
Canary Islands through Messrs. Elder, Dempster & 
Co., of Liverpool. 
THE APIARY. 
Foul Brood in Bees. 
A deputation of British bee-keepers waited, on Tues¬ 
day of last week, on Mr. Herbert Gardner, President 
of the Board of Agriculture, asking for legislation for 
stamping out a contagious disease known as “ foul 
brood," which threatens irreparable injury to the 
industry. Unfortunately, the prevalence of the 
disease is but too easily demonstrated. Within the 
last three or four years it has produced a serious 
diminution of the number of bee-keepers in Scotland ; 
In Ireland it has caused the utter abandonment of 
the industry, over wide districts wherein it used to 
flourish. The loss of one hundred hives is reported 
from a single Irish apiary, and this occurrence could 
be paralleled by a case in the north of England. 
From the Midland and Southern Counties come very 
bad reports. In Middlesex it is said to be cutting 
“ at the root of apiculture ” ; in Nottingham it is 
making the pursuit of bee-keeping hazardous; it is 
reported from twenty-five districts in Hampshire, 
eighty-two of Sussex, and forty-seven of south 
Surrey. These are but specimen cases; and it is 
doubtful if any part of England remains unaffected. 
Mr. Cowan, chairman of the British Bee-keepers' 
Association, pointed out that at the present time 
there were no fewer than 52,000 bee-keepers in Great 
Britain ; while the annual value of the honey pro¬ 
duced was, roughly speaking, £1 50,000. Various 
speakers suggested as a remedy that inspectors should 
be appointed to visit hives in all parts of the country, 
and that the county councils should be empowered 
to impart increased education on the question to the 
rural population. 
Mr. Gardner, in reply, said he was very glad to 
hear that there was one industry still remaining 
amongst them which was not afraid of foreign com¬ 
petition. Any action, however, which might be 
taken by public authorities against the disease must 
be based upon a system of compulsory notification 
of the disease, which must be enforced by proceed¬ 
ings for penalties ; and he would like to be assured 
that public opinion amongst bee-keepers was 
sufficiently matured to justify the adoption of such a 
system. He was inclined to think that such a matter 
could be best dealt with by the village or district 
councils, as the machinery for dealing with the 
disease would thereby be materially cheapened. He 
suggested also that the Bee-keepers’ Association or 
some of its affiliated societies, either voluntarily or 
for a reasonable fee, should supply the expert 
assistance required ; and with this object he thought 
two or three members of the Association might 
confer with the officers of his department, so that 
the way might be paved for the introduction of some 
remedial legislation. 
Questions add snsojens 
%• Will our friends who send us newspapers he so good 
as to mark the paragraphs or articles they wish us to see. 
We shall be greatly obliged by their so doing. 
What is a Fruit? — Scoria : The difficulties of 
defining what a fruit is become greatly simplified if 
the botanical meaning is accepted. With regard to 
garden subjects there is much difference of opinion, 
owing to the meaning of the term being interpreted 
by the use to which they are put as to whether they 
are to be considered fruits or vegetables. In the case 
of wild plants to be used for decorative or other 
purposes there should be no difference of opinion at 
all, and the fruit of the plant, whateyer its form may 
be, should be admitted in an exhibition class. 
Unless this is admitted there can be no exact de¬ 
finition as to what a fruit is or should be, and to 
make it clear to every one what is meant it would 
be necessary to name every kind to be used, or at 
all events, the particular classes of fruits that are 
meant. If fruits of a decorative value are wanted, 
then the awards of the judges should be made 
according to decorative value and the taste displayed 
in arranging them, and this without disqualification 
of any sort of fruit if really wild. 
Red Flowers. —Rubens : The flowers of Lathyrus 
Missolia are crimson variegated with purple and 
white, and bloom from May and June onwards, de¬ 
pendent upon the season, and everything is late this 
year. In the warm and early season of 1893 plants 
all flowered earlier, and many red flowers were in 
bloom in June that usually do not show till July, so 
you must bear this in mind. The floral calendar is 
by no means inflexible. Lathyrus rotundifolius is 
brick-red and flowers from May to July, earlier or 
later. The wings and keel of L. tingitanus are 
bright red, and appear in June and July. Lilium 
Martagon does not flower in our climate till the end 
of June in average seasons. L. M. glabrum has 
white flowers. L. elegans bicolor, also called L. e. 
aurantiacum, has a yellow centre with red sides to 
the segments, but does not flower till the beginning 
of July. T. elegans sanguineum has blood-red 
flowers, and those of L. e. atrosanguineum has deep 
red flowers, but both would come in July. L. bulbi- 
ferum flowers in June. L. superbum has orange-red 
flowers, but they do not appear before July and 
August. L. bulbiferum would meet your require¬ 
ments. June is a month too early for the bulk of the 
Lilies. There might be some red varieties of 
Cineraria in bloom in June, but as a rule all the best 
of them are over and gone before then. Spiraea 
japonica has rosy-red flowers; S. j. rubra, dark red; 
S. j. superba, deep rosy-red flowers. They all 
flower in June. This must not be confused with the 
common Astilbe japonica, always called Spiraea 
japonica in the market. S. palmata with rosy-red 
flowers commences in June. The Red Streak is a 
cider Apple; we should not consider it a codling, 
nor do the codlings ripen in June. 
Names of Plants. — N. McF. : 1, The Bottle- 
bush, Metrosideros floribunda ; 2, Habrothamnus 
fasciculatus ; 3, Habrothamnus elegans ; 4, Erioste- 
mon cuspidatus minor; 5, Narcissus Poeticus patel- 
laris ; 6, Coprosma Baueriana variegata ; 7, Rose not 
recognised.— Leucojium : A Tyddea much resembling 
Madame Heine, if not that variety. A Gesneriaceous 
plant requiring much the same treatment as 
Achimenes, only that it must not be dried off like 
the latter.— G.Russell : A pretty variety of Odonto- 
glossum Andersonianum. 
Carpet Bedding. — Diagram: We think the 
diagram will suit very well provided you plant it 
neatly and keep it well trimmed afterwards. Seeing 
that you are to plant No. 3 with the white Anten- 
naria, and No. 5 with the creamy-yellow Mesembry- 
anthemum, the planting of No. 2 with Iresine, will 
make a better contrast and a more decided division 
between 3 and 5 than would Echeveria. The planting 
of the other spaces with the subjects you recom¬ 
mend will also answer very well; but we think it 
would be an improvement to insert a small circular 
patch of a red or purple Alternanthera in the wide 
space at either end of the oval No. 3. These could 
be edged with small plants of Echeveria secunda 
glauca, or E. Peacocki, or Kleinia repens, whichever 
you may happen to have. We do not chance to have 
any diagrams by us beyond those in books. Oval 
beds are seldom attempted, we believe, possibly 
because of the difficulty of laying them out in 
geometrical design. Scroll work of some sort would 
be more convenient and appropriate to delineate in 
beds of such form, and are difficult to describe, but 
you could invent some pattern of that sort for 
another year. An idea may dawn upon you in your 
leisure moments during the course of the year, and 
you could sketch out a rough design of it on the spot 
on a piece of paper, placing it in the drawer of your 
writing table or desk till wanted. New designs are 
always more interesting than copies of old ones. 
Various. — Scot: 1. ‘‘The Primer of Horticul¬ 
ture” is published by Macmillan & Co., Bedford 
Street, Covent Garden, W.C. ; 2. Messrs. J. R. 
Pearson & Son, Chilwell Nurseries, Notts.; 3. We 
hardly understand your question, both presume you 
mean whether tallies should be written to read from 
the top downwards or from the bottom upwards. If 
that is the case, then the former is the system usually 
followed, but there are many who adopt the latter on 
the ground that it is more important to preserve the 
specific than the generic name, and the specific name 
being written nearest the top of the label is the most 
likely to be preserved the longest. 
Box and Holly. — L. Thain: The best time to 
transplant Box and Hollies is during showery 
weather in April or May, but both are ticklish 
subjects to move unless carefully prepared before¬ 
hand. Box roots readily if cuttings 4 in. to 6 in. 
long are inserted firmly in sandy soil in a shady 
place in August and September. Hollies are usually 
raised from seeds and special varieties increased by 
grafting during March and budding in May, or 
budding with dormant buds in the autumn. 
Communications Received.— J. McO.—R. B.— 
J.—W. T.—J. G. V.—W. W.—Ranger.—X.— 
Forester. 
--— 
TRADE CATALOGUES RECEIVED. 
Peter Lambert, Frier, Germany. — New Roses 
for 1895. 
LONDON SEED TRADE. 
M'ay 14th, 1895. 
Messrs. Hurst & Son, 152, Houndsditch, & 39, 
Seed Market, Mark Lane, report a retail enquiry 
for Agricultural seeds at unchanged rates. Canary 
seed, owing to speculators operating, has advan ced 
2/- per quarter. 
-- 
COVENT GARDEN MARKET. 
May 15th, 1895. 
Fruit.— Average Wholesale Prices. 
1. d 1. d. I 1. d. s. d. 
Apples.per bushel 30 90 Grapes, per lb.10 40 
Nova Scotia ApDles | Pine-apples. 
per barrel 12 0 21 o | —St. Mlobael's each 26 60 
Cob Nuts and Fll- 1 Strawberries, Nobles, 
berts, per 100 lbs.10 0 ! per lb. 10 20 
Tasmanian Apples, I Other varieties, 
per caSe 8 0 11 o | per lb. 2 0 40 
Vegetables.—Average Retail Prices. 
>. d. 1. d. 1. d. 
ArtlcbokesGlobedoz. 3 0 
Asparagus,per bundle 1 6 
Beans, French, perlb. 1 0 
Beet.per dozen 2 0 
Cabbages ... per doz. 3 o 
Carrots ... per bunch 0 6 
Cauliflowers.doz. 3 0 
Celery.per bundle 1 6 
Cucumbers .each 0 3 
Endive, French, djz. 2 6 
Herbs .per bunch 0 2 
6 0 Horse Radish, bundle 2 0 
4 0 Lettuces ...per dozen 2 0 
Mushrooms, p. basket 1 0 
3 0 Onions.per bunch 0 4 
4 0 Parsley ... per bunch 0 6 
Radishes... per dozen 1 6 
6 0 Seakale...per basket 1 o 
2 0 Smallsaladlng,punnet 0 a 
0 9 Spinach .per lb. 0 6 
3 0 Tomatos. per lb. 1 o 
o 6 Turnips.per bun. 0 6 
t. d. 
4 0 
1 6 
0 6 
1 6 
2 o 
Cut Flowers.—Average Wholesale Prices. 
t. d. s. d. s. d s. d. 
Arum Lilies, I2blms, 20 40 Peonys, doz. bchs. ...60 90 
Azalea, doz. sprays 06 10 Primula, double, doz. 
Asparagus Fern, bun. 20 30 sprays 06 10 
Bcuvardlas, per bun. 06 10 Pyrethrum doz. bun. 2040 
Carnations doz.blms. 20 30 Roses (indoor), doz. 06 10 
Eucharls ...per doz. 3050, „ Tea,white, doz. 1020 
Gardenias ...per doz. 3040 „ Yellow, doz. ... 2 0 30 
Geranium, scarlet, I ,, Safrano 
doz. bunches 40 60 (English), doz. ...13 20 
Lilac, English, doz. Red Roses.30 60 
bchs. 40 60 Pink Roses .5 070 
Lilac (French) \ Roses (French), 
per bch. 50 60 yellow, doz. 
Lilium longlflorum | blooms .16 20 
per doz. 20 50 Roses (French) red, 
Lilium candidum, j doz. blooms. ... 2 0 26 
per doz. 16 20 Smilax, per bunch ...40 60 
Lily of the Valley, | Stephanotis, doz. 
doz. bchs. 6 0 15 0 sprays .40 60 
Marguerites, 12 bun, 16 30 Tuberoses, doz. 
MaldenhairFem,i2bs.4 0 6 0 blooms ..04 06 
Narcissus, doz. bchs. 10 20. Violets (English) doz. 
Orchids, doz. blooms 1 6 12 o bun. .10 20 
Pelargoniums,12 bun. 60 9 0 1 Violets (French) bun, 10 16 
Plants in Pots.—Average Wholesale Prices 
>. d. t. d. 
Arbor Vitae (golden) 
per doz. 60120 
Aspidistra, doz. 18 o 36 o 
„ specimen 
plants. 5 0 10 6 
Azaleas, each . 16 26 
Calceolaria, per doz. 60 90 
Cinerarias, per doz. 6 0 10 0 
Dracaena, various, 
per doz. 12 o 30 o 
Dracaena vlrldls,doz. g 0 18 0 
Erica, various, doz.... 9 o 18 0 
Euonymus, var. doz. 6 o 18 0 
Evergreens,lnvar.doz 6 0 24 0 
Ferns, invar.,per doz. 40180 
Ferns, small, per 100 40 60 
Ficus elastica, each 1050 
Foliage Plants, var., 
each 2 0 10 0 
1. d. 1. d. 
Fuchsia, per doz. 60 90 
Heliotrope, per doz. 60 80 
Hydrangea, per doz. 9 0 18 o 
Ivy Geraniums, per 
doz. 6080 
Lobelia, per doz. 40 60 
Lycopodiums, doz. 3040 
M ignonette, per doz. 50 60 
Marguerite Daisy doz 6 0 12 o 
M yrtles, doz. . 60 90 
P alms in variety,each 1 o 15 o 
Palms, Specimen ...21 o 63 o 
P elargoniums,perdoz. 9 o 15 o 
Primulas, doz.40 60 
Scarlets, per doz. 30 90 
Stocks, per doz. ...... 40 60 
OOITTENTS 
PAGE 
Alpine plants on Mountain 
tops. 599 
Amateurs, hintsjor .600 
Apiary, the .605 
Apple Scab and Bordeaux 
Mixture.599 
BegoniaTriomphedeNancy6o3 
Bertolonias, Choice .597 
Bitter Apple, the.596 
Cannas, tractability of.603 
Danesfield.597 
Davaliia Mooreana .596 
Fairfield, Aberdeen .602 
Flower Garden .598 
Flowers of Spring, Wild...600 
Fruit under Glass .599 
Melons and Cucumbers ...600 
PAGE 
Muscari conicum .603 
Orchid Notes .598 
Plants, hardy .602 
Plants injurious to cattle...603 
Plant Names.602 
Ranunculus grandifolius...6oo 
Science and Practice .597 
Science Gleanings.599 
Societies .604 
Spring Gardening.595 
Tomato disease .59S 
Tree, restoring an old .596 
Tulips, three fane .603 
Vegetation in Scotland ...597 
Vegetable Garden, the.599 
Wreath making .603 
AMATEURS 
CAN GROW 
Who follow the instruction! given In 
‘The Amateur Orchid Cultivators’ Guidp^ok,’ 
Br H. A. BURBERRY, F.R.H.P ' j^g 
ORCHID GROWER TO 3 U F UU Luc 
The Eight Hon. JOS. CHAMBRtnd the quality 
In this country 
set by the Royal 
*y at their principal 
I: Inner Temple Gardens and 
The big shows of this kind 
fticaily grown out of the ordinary 
fly meetings of that society. On 
ontinent this feature of modern ex- 
ions prevails to a large extent and 
rs only in minor details. Groups and 
ctions of Roses in pots and otherwise, 
. for many years, formed part of an ex- 
“on but the plants have become smaller 
nore numerous. Tuberous Begonias 
