June 8, 1895. 
THE GARDENING WORLD. 
653 
other plants of lower organisation that can afford 
anything useful to man or his domesticated animals. 
Even the Purple Dulse, a sea weed growing attached 
to the rocks of the British coasts, as well as those of 
Ireland, is represented. It is said to be eaten in 
times of scarcity, but we can assure our readers that 
Purple Dulse, Pepper Dulse, Tangle and Badder- 
locks are eaten with relish in some parts of Scotland 
even by those who have never known what scarcity 
really means, and by those who would draw the 
line at the relatively tasteless Irish Moss or Carra¬ 
geen (Chondrus crispus) abundant everywhere on 
the British coasts where there are rocks other than 
chalk to support them ; at least that is our experi¬ 
ence. Of all the orders represented in this guide 
the Palms and Grasses supply the greatest variety 
of products for human use, and the Palms indeed 
bear the palm in this respect for many of them 
practically afford “bed, board and lodging” to many 
a noble savage, as well as supply a host of articles 
to those who make considerable pretensions to a 
high degree or civilisation. The guide runs to 109 
pages including the index, and of these[27 are devoted 
to the Palms alone. 
List of Ferns.* * 
A series of hand-lists of the various classes of plants 
cultivated at Kewis in the course of preparation, and 
that under notice is devoted solely to the extensive 
collection of Ferns and their allies. The collection 
comes next in importance to that of Palms, perhaps, 
owing to the fact that it has been so extensively used 
in the preparation of all the more important works 
on Ferns that have been published in this country 
during the last half century. During a period of 
fifty years (1790-1840) the celebrated botanical 
artist, Francis Bauer, made analytical drawings 
of Ferns, which were published after his death in 
1842. The botanical work relating to Ferns, and 
done by Sir William Hooker, Mr. J. G. Baker, and 
the veteran pteridologist, Mr. John Smith, is well 
known and highly valued by all concerned. The 
hand-list under notice consists of 183 pages, of 
which every alternate one is left blank for the pur¬ 
pose of inserting additional species and varieties; 
of these 121 pages gives a list of tropical and tem¬ 
perate Ferns cultivated at Kew, with their botanical 
authorities and native countries, so that gardeners 
amongst others will find it very useful for reference 
when writing articles and papers on Ferns for read¬ 
ing at the meetings of mutual improvement and 
other societies. The botanical authorities not being 
written in full, perhaps, give the most trouble to 
gardeners, though they generally give a wide berth 
to the botanist. The second part of the hand-list 
deals with the Horsetails, Lycopods, Selaginellas, 
and other vascular Cryptogams. The third part is 
an appendix containing the cultural forms of 
British Ferns, the collection of which is probably 
the richest in existence, and must prove of immense 
interest to lovers of our hardy Ferns as beautiful as 
exotic ones. 
The Cottager’s Calendar.* 
As its title indicates this little work is intended as 
a monthly calendar of garden operations for the use 
of cottagers and all who are concerned or interested 
in gardening but yet are not professionals, though 
the latter may find many useful hints in its pages. 
It was originally compiled by the late Sir Joseph 
Paxton, M.P., and would have been entirely out of 
date with regard to the names of fruits, flowers, and 
vegetables but for the revision. A glance at the 
pages soon revealed that the work had been 
thoroughly revised and brought down to date, and the 
revision having been accomplished by the members 
of the staff of the Gardeners' Chronicle is a sufficient 
guarantee of the correct and up-to-date character 
of the information. Much attention has been given 
and space devoted to vegetables, particularly in 
those months when sowing and planting operations 
must chiefly be effected. Cottagers and amateurs 
generally, especially in rural districts, are most 
interested in vegetables on account of their economic 
importance, so that the Calendar will constitute a 
useful vade mecum for constant reference by those 
people while working in the garden. Nor are flowers 
* Hand-list of Ferns and Fern Allies cultivated in 
the Royal Gardens, Kew. Printed and published as above, 
1895 ; price 6d. 
* The Cottager's Calendar of Garden Operations. 
New Edition, thoroughly revised and adapted to the require¬ 
ments of Cottagers and Allotment Holders. London : 
Gardeners' Chronicle Office, 41, Wellington Street, Covent 
Garden. 1895. Price 3d. 
and fruits in any way neglected. The list of names 
of the most suitable varieties for small gardens must 
prove of great service to all in want of information 
on those points ; they are given separately at the 
end of the Calendar, where many other subjects are 
dealt with in a brief way, including manures, climbers 
for cottage walls, vegetable cookery, fruit cookery, 
pigs, garden tools, and insect pests. Remedies are 
given for the mitigation of the latter evil; and the 
portion of the book treating of this subject is amply 
illustrated with engravings of destructive insects in 
various stages of their existence. 
--T—- 
SOCIETIES. 
Bath and West of England.—The Bath and West 
of England and Southern Counties Society opened 
their show at Taunton, on Wednesday, 29th ult., 
after a lapse of nearly a quarter of a century. 
Opening under such favourable auspices, and the show 
continuing until June 3rd, it looks as though it will be 
one of the most successful of the century. Among 
the numerous adjuncts of the show one of the most 
attractive to a large proportion of the visitors is 
undoubtedly the Horticultural Department. In a 
large tent are disp'ayed many choice exotic flowers 
and plants, and beautifully arranged. From Mr. 
Godfrey, Exmouth, came some very fine Pelar¬ 
goniums; from Messrs. Laing & Sons, Forest Hill, 
some double and single Begonias of the Begonia 
fame ; Begonia Duchess of York, a bright canary 
yellow double was very fine, also Prince Adolphus 
of Teck, a rich vermilion ; of singles, Sir C. Pigott, 
bright orange pink, and many others. In this group 
there were also some very fine plants of Gloxinias, 
Streptocarpus, Caladiums, and the beautiful Saxi- 
fraga sarmentosa tricolor superba. Mr. F. Hooper, 
Bath, had a grand collection of Pansies. Mr. H. J. 
Jones, Ryecroft Nursery, Lewisham, staged some fine 
specimen plants of Pelargoniums grown expressly 
with the “ Pure Ichthemic Guano,” which in¬ 
dicated the essential qualities of this guano. Messrs. 
R. Veitch & Son, of Exeter, contributed a rockery 
of great size covered with such plants as Orchids, 
Azaleas, Pancratiums, Sarracenias, Anthuriums, 
Roses, and many rock and Alpine plants, having in 
its centre a real waterfall in which were planted 
water-growing Aquatics. Messrs. Kelway & Son, 
Langport, had Cannas, Pyrethrums, Moutan 
Paeonies, and Lupins. Mr. B. R. Davis, Yeovil, 
double Begonias. Mr. Geo. CooliDg, Bath, old- 
fashioned garden Roses. From Col. Halford 
Thompson, Teignmouth, of Jadoo Fibre fame, came a 
fine group of plants grown with his fibre, and which 
will no doubt prove a commercial success for all 
sorts of plants. From Messrs. Barr & Son, Covent 
Garden, London, came a large exhibit covering 
nearly 200 square feet. Conspicuous in this group 
were single and double Chinese Paeonies. Of 
singles, Lobata, cerise salmon, P. albiflora tartarica, 
toft rcse pink, and Candida, snow white, were fine; of 
doubles, Grandiflora Carnosa, a soft flesh ; Eugenie 
Verdier, large blush, very handsome ; the old double 
red, rose and white were all exceedingly showy. 
Also German Irises in large variety, Aquilegias, the 
beautiful Tulipa persica, and a large collection of 
the tufted Pansies were noteworthy. Mr. W. 
Colchester, of Ipswich, contributed specimen plants 
of Tree Carnations in variety, showing another 
example of the quality of plants by the use of their 
“ Pure Ichthemic Guano ” for which they 
have received many awards. Mr. V. Slade, 
Taunton, showed a good collection of green¬ 
house plants. Mr. C. Turner, Slough, had a 
large and attractive group of Pelargoniums, in 
which such varieties as Gold Mine, Marguerite, and 
Excellent were conspicuous. From W. Marshall, 
Esq., Taunton, came some very fine specimen plants 
of Oncidium ampliatum majus, Attacia cristata, very 
fine, Epidendrum prismatocarpum, Cattleya labiata 
Mossiae, and others in a very tastefully arranged 
group. Mr. W. E. Cousins, Taunton, showed a 
group of greenhouse plants. Similar collections 
came from F. W. Newton, Esq., Taunton, and C. E. 
J. Esdaile, Esq., Taunton. W. H. Fowler, Esq^ 
Taunton, contributed a group of some well grown 
standard and dwarf Roses, such as Countess de 
Nadaillac, Francois Levet, Innocenta Pirola, and 
Turner’s Crimson Rambler, one of the most showy 
of climbing Roses. The railway companies are 
issuing cheap day tickets and run special and 
excursion trains during the week. It is anticipated 
the show will attract a number of horti- and agri¬ 
culturalists, with the necessary addition of fine 
weather. Mr. Andrew Potter, of Wolverhampton, 
has a large stand to exhibit his new weed-killer 
preparation— Aquamortis, armoured and plain 
hoses, garden nettings, &c., &c.— W. L. 
Quescions sod sn$ujeR$. 
*.* Will our friends who send us newspapers be so good 
as to mark the paragraphs or articles they wish us to see. 
We shall be greatly obliged by their so doing. 
Stopping Chrysanthemums. — The Boy : Having 
cut down your plants in May no further cutting 
back will be necessary. Vegetation is much earlier 
in Guernsey than in Middlesex, so that the first 
bud that comes, say in July or the beginning of 
August, would in all probability be too early for the 
middle of November. In the case of naturally late 
varieties the first or crown bud would no doubt suit 
your purpose while the terminals would have to be 
utilised in the case of early sorts. The fact is the 
method of treatment would have to vary according 
to the latitude of the district in which the grower 
resides. You must understand that early and late 
flowering varieties must not be treated alike if you 
wish them to flower at the same time. For instance, 
Anna Hartshorn and Bouquet de Dame being early 
sorts require stopping in June, or even in July, to 
keep back the blooms till Novemher. Your best 
plan to pursue would be to take a list of all the early 
varieties you have and a separate list of the late 
ones. The latter should be cut back early, say 
about the time you have done it ; but such early 
varieties as are mentioned above should be cut back 
at least a month later in the season. Write down in 
your note book the dates at which you stopped each 
particular variety, then the taking of the crown or 
the terminal bud as the case may be. In November, 
compare the results with your notes and that will 
prove a better guide for next year than any state¬ 
ments that could be made even by a grower. You 
want to have an accurate knowledge of each particu¬ 
lar variety before you can make sure of timing the 
buds properly. This method of note-taking is 
adopted by the best growers with good results, and 
we advise you to practice it regularly, keeping the 
results of each year in a note-book. By this means 
you will soon get acquainted with all the old ones, 
but new varieties are always turning up with their 
special peculiarities that must be learned. 
Roses and Aphides.— B.G. : Syringe them with 
tobacco water, say half a bottle of fairly strong 
tobacco liquid in a pail of water. A table spoonful 
of soft soap in the same would add greatly to its 
efficiency. Dissolve it in hot water, pour it into the 
mixture, and stir the whole together before using. 
Do the syringing in the evening and wash your 
plants with clean water in the morning. 
Odontoglossum cirrhosum. — The Boy : The 
time required for a spike of this Odontoglot to 
develop from the early bud stage to the expansion of 
the flowers cannot be stated precisely, as so much 
depends upon the temperature and other circum¬ 
stances, but you may calculate that it will take 
about three months. 
Tomato disease.— By way of additional inform- 
mation to a question on this subject put by Mr. F. 
Dunning in our issue for the 18th ult., Mr. Henry 
Brook writes as follows:—“ No plant can live long 
in soil in which iron rust or iron pyrites are present 
in quantity. Even in geological times the presence 
of these iron pyrites has removed all traces of 
vegetable life. I would suggest that Mr. F. Dunning 
take out a trench about half a yard wide and get 
some new soil that is free from these iron pyrites 
aud fill in the trench with it. If he does so I 
venture to say that he will grow Tomatos and grow 
them well. If the writer grows them in pots or beds 
under glass by using soil that is free from iron rust 
he will succeed. These remarks are applicable to 
anybody else who is experiencing the same difficulty 
and under like conditions anywhere in the country.” 
Names of plants.— J. D. : The Bird Cherry 
(Prunus Padus) and a British wild tree. H. C. : 1, 
Aesculus glabra, best known as Ae. rubicunda ; 2, 
Ae. Pavia, usually called Pavia rubra ; 3, Crataegus 
Oxyacantha punicea plena. A.G. : 1, Iris germanica 
2, Polemonium reptans ; 3, Saxifraga Aizoon 
rosularis ; 4, Saxifraga caespitosahirta 15, Geranium 
Phaeum; 6, Geranium sylvaticum. G. A. L. ; 
Odontoglossum Cervantesi decorum. 
Moles in the garden. — P. C. : There are two 
sides to the question. Moles in wet pasture lands 
act as a means of natural drainage, but on a lawn 
they are mischievous. Where wireworms and the 
larvae of certain beetles abound in the soil, moles 
serve to keep them down ; but the latter in a seed 
bed are thoroughly mischievous. If you could 
manage to keep down insects, then by all means 
destroy every mole on whose track who can get. 
You can certainly drain your garden ground so as to 
be independent of moles for that purpose. Weighing 
all things in the balance we do not think there is any 
anvantage in permitting moles to have a footing iu 
the garden. The orchard is the place where they 
would do least damage, perhaps, that is, if no 
shallow rooting plants are grown between the trees. 
Communications received.—R. D. — A. P. — J. E. 
J.—J. C. S.—W. B. G.—Propagator.—W. 
