822 
THE GARDENING WORLD 
August 24, 1895. 
demand judging from the breadth of them grown. 
Something like 30,000 were planted, and it was 
interesting to note the vigour of some as compared 
with others of more weakly constitution under the 
same conditions. The best-named varieties only 
are employed for this particular purpose so as to 
secure quality in the progeny. Highly prized 
varieties are Mrs. Wm. Grant, white with violet 
blotches, Mrs. Mark, light yellow with purple-violet 
blotches, another clear yellow with gold lacing and 
violet-brown blotches, Neil McKay, with velvety 
brown blotches on golden yellow, and vigorous,Robert 
Mitchell, velvety brown on a golden ground, Kenneth 
Broddie, almost mahogany on a golden ground, 
Julia Goodfellow, violet on a white ground, and Lord 
Rosebery, a rich claret with blackish-violet blotches. 
Harry Ball has deep chocolate blotches and a golden 
lacing. The blotches of Allan Ashcroft are dark 
velvety violet on a yellow ground. On the contrary 
the blotches of Lord Hamilton are violet, shaded 
with bronze. Many or all of the abovehave distinct 
colours for the upper petals. 
About 3,000 seedlings of the Peacock strain are 
grown, and the amount of variety to be found 
amongst them is simply marvellous, for scarcely two 
of them are exactly alike. Several of them have 
been selected for perpetuation by cuttings. Some 
of them are of a rich blue with a rosy and white 
margin ; some have a Pansy centre and others have 
not; many are of a bright blue and very handsome ; 
while others are self coloured and dark velvety 
crimson. The Silver Y. Moth is doubtless respon¬ 
sible to a large extent for this variation in tints and 
markings. The strain known as Bath's Empress is 
notable for size and showy colours but little refine¬ 
ment. Continental strains of Violas are very 
unsatisfactory in the matter of refined and distinct 
colours and marking, Show Pansies are grown to 
some extent but are anything but vigorous in 
droughty seasons. 
Violas. 
About 10,000 of these are grown for the production 
of seed, including some 10,000 of Violetta, which is 
wonderfully floriferous, effective, and deliciously 
fragrant. All are grown in widely separated patches 
to test whether they will come true to name, and 
free from variation. Other varieties doing ex¬ 
ceptionally well are Wm. Neil, True Blue, Duchess 
of Sutherland, J. B. Riding, Blue Cloud, Lavrock, 
Countess of Kintore, Favourite, Bullion, Lord Elcho, 
Archibald Grant, Ardwell Gem, Lilias, Lady Dun- 
donald, Quaker Maid, Rosine and other standard 
and well known varieties, which need no description. 
The floriferous character of all, is sufficiently note¬ 
worthy considering the droughty season they have 
just passed through. 
Some 35,000 Marigolds, including about 12,000 
French Marigolds of several strains, 17,000 
African Marigolds (orange and lemon), and a 
large quantity of the common or Scotch Marigold in 
several named varieties all attest the demand for 
them, especially in Scotland, where they are 
grown for exhibition purposes. Amongst Candytufts 
we noted the Iberis umbellata and Iberis amara 
Dobbie’s Spiral with spikes 4 in. to 6 in. long, and 
large pure white flowers. About 30,000 China 
Asters, including Victoria, Quilled, Paeony, Comet 
and Dwarf, were making a brave display when we 
saw them. All are grown in colours. Ten Weeks 
Stocks are also grown to greater or less extent. The 
Opium Poppy exists in a great variety of colours. 
Sweet Peas are largely grown in separate and named 
varieties. Amongst Tropaeolums we noted Beauty, 
bright scarlet, Empress of India, fiery scarlet, Tom 
Thumb, scarlet, and Golden Queen, an orange-scarlet 
self. Centaurea Cyanus Victoria is noted for its 
extremely dwarf habit and floriferous character. 
Chrysanthemum coronarium in several named 
varieties has made a grand display. 
Dahlias, &c. 
Antirrhinums are cultivated in quantity and variety 
including seifs, dwarf and tall, used for bedding, also 
striped sorts in refined form as grown for exhibition 
in Scotland. A oollection of early Chrysanthemums is 
now flowering freely, and the plants are also dwarf. 
About 700 Carnations, including Raby Castle and all 
the leading and best varieties, have given great satis¬ 
faction. Something like 600 species and varieties of 
herbaceous plants are cultivated, independently of 
Phloxes, Pyrethrums, etc. Seedling Hollyhocks are 
fine though only 2 ft. to 3 ft. high, There are 3,000 
to 4,000 Phloxes in 200 varieties which should be 
sufficient to satisfy the most fastidious. Thirty to 
forty thousand Manetti stocks have taken up a 
great amount of time in budding. 
All the popular types of Dahlias, including the best 
of the new varieties, are now making up for time lost 
during the drought. We were considerably inter¬ 
ested in the new section known as single Cactus 
Dahlias and which are finding many admirers 
throughout the country. They are far less formal 
than the single sorts, distinct, and grown to the 
extent of 7,000 for the production of seed. Pompon 
varieties are not neglected, and amongst them we 
noted the beautiful primrose Mary Kirk, and the 
orange-scarlet Phoebe. The show Dahlias are 
numerous. New varieties of great neatness are 
Cherub, buff yellow, Gladys Valentine, flesh, with 
purple tips; Novelty, a fancy sort of a pale pink, 
striped with rose, and Crimea, rose, striped dark 
crimson, belonging to the same class. Baroness is a 
neat form, and yellow tinted with buff. John Walker 
is well known. Cleopatra, brilliant crimson, and 
Willie Fife, clear yellow, striped and mottled scarlet, 
are single varieties. The best of the Cactus types 
are kept in stock including the beautiful Glcriosa, 
scarlet, Countess of Radnor, salmon, Delicata, soft 
rosy-pink, Kynerith, glowing scarlet, and St. 
Catherine, buff yellow. Cannell's Favourite is a 
remarkably beautiful decorative Dahlia, well built, 
and of a handsome buff orange hue. Space forbids 
us going into detail concerning these useful and 
showy autumn flowers. 
Vegetables. 
Near the houses is a plantation of Onions that had 
been sown under glass in January and afterwards 
planted out. Fine samples were Dobbie’s Golden 
Globe, Inwood Favourite, Somerset Hero, Ailsa 
Craig, &c. Dobbie’s Selected Parsley is an extremely 
finely-curled sort, and has been subjected to the 
process of selection for the last forty years. A plan¬ 
tation in rich soil served to show the character and 
beautiful habit of the strain when plenty of space is 
allowed each plant. That grown expressly for seed 
was grown upon hard ground, and consisted of small 
plants to stand the winter. A trial of various sorts 
of Turnips, Radishes, Beet, Parsley, and other vege¬ 
tables was also interesting and instructive. Leeks 
sown in April were being transplanted on the occa¬ 
sion of our visit, and will be transplanted again in 
spring. Amongst popular and useful vegetables 
were sowings of Dobbie’s Model White and Dobbie's 
Golden Ball Turnips, also Dobbie’s Purple Beet, 
Altrincham, Dobbie’s Selected, Intermediate, and 
Stump Rooted Carrots. Good breadths of white 
and red Turnip-rooted, French Breakfast, and Long- 
rooted Radishes, were in seed, and though only 
half their usual height, looked good. 
The Brassica tribe is extensively grown for the 
production of seed, including Brussels Sprouts 
Dobbie’s Selected, Borecoles or Kales, green, finely 
curled and variegated. Cabbages are very extensively 
grown in various parts of the ground, and amongst 
them we noted Winningstadt, Large York, some 
very fine types of the same carefully selected, Red 
Cabbage, Dobbie’s Perfect Gem, a neat little Cab¬ 
bage and the earliest to turn in here, Perfect Gem 
Savoy, small and particularly dwarf, Ellam’s Early, 
Wheeler’s Imperial, Drumhead Savoy, and Drum¬ 
head Cabbage, many of which have been specially 
selected by the firm for many years past. The last 
comes into use after the early Cabbages are finished 
and before the Savoys are in season. In other parts 
of the ground are crops of Veitch's Red, Dobbie’s 
Purple, and other varieties of Beet. Canadian 
Wonder French Bean is dwarf and fruitful. Amongst 
Peas we noted Telephone, also remarkably dwarf. 
Bunyard's Exhibition Long Pod Bean seems a fine 
kind, but had been hardly dealt with by the long- 
continued drought. In a fine plantation of Onions 
for seed it was interesting to note how diligently the 
flowers were being worked by the bees. Leeks are 
also grown in quantity alongside of the Onions. 
These vegetables in special selections and strains 
are well known to northern exhibitors. 
The National Chrysanthemum Society's Year Book 
for 1895 .—Edited by Mr. Harman Payne F.R.H.S. Piice is. 
post free, is. i^d. from the Publisher of the Gardening 
World, i, Clement’s Inn, Strand, W.C. 
Hardy Ornamental Flowering Trees and Shrubs, by 
A. D. Webster. A valuable guide to planters of beautiful 
trees and shrubs for the adornment of parks and gardens. 
Price, 3s ; post free, 3s. 3d. Publisher, Gardeninq World, 
1, Clement's Inn, Strand, London, W.C. 
THE ETYMOLOGY OF “ KEW.” 
Speculation as to the derivation of words has 
always been a favourite pastime with some people , 
and, although I have read much about Kew, in The 
Gardening World, as a botanical establishment, I 
do not remember to have seen anything appertaining 
to the et)mology of the place. It would seem, how¬ 
ever, that the orthography of the word has not 
always been so simple or so short as the present 
form; for I find by an old work that it has been 
variously rendered asKayhough, Kayhoo, Keyhowe, 
Keye, Kayo, and Kewe. 
Kew, then, is evidently in some way connected 
with key, quay, or French quai, a landing place or 
wharf projecting into a stream. So that if we accept 
the above cue—no jeu d’esprit intended—as a guide 
we shall not, perchance, be very wide of the mark. 
At any rate I think it is very curious (sic) that words 
should undergo such remarkable changes in com¬ 
paratively recent times ; and this word can hardly 
have a very ancient origin. It is true there is in 
China a town called Kew-Keang-Foo, but this can 
in no wise be related to our " Imperial Kew, by 
Thames' glittering side.” 
If, however, there be any doubt as to the origin 
of the name, there can be none whatever as to the 
value of the gardens; for Kew has obtained a special 
celebrity, which is entirely due to its beautiful 
gardens and arboretum. The gardens were really 
originated by George III., his Queen, Charlotte, and 
his good gardener, William Aiton, in 1760. In 
1840 Victoria, by presentation, made them national 
property. They are, therefore, now maintained by 
the national purse, and, although they cost some¬ 
thing like £ 20,000 a year, the privileges which they 
confer, and the information which they afford, are 
more than adequate to the sum expended.— Le Vert. 
TURNIPS. 
Now that the long-wished-for rain has come in copi¬ 
ous showers no time should be lost in making a good 
sowing of this useful vegetable. The Turnip Beetle, 
which has been a sad trouble up to the present time 
this season, will not be so destructive after this time. 
Ground cleared of Potatos and Peas will be available 
and can scarcely be put to a better use, and unless 
the soil is of a very strong and hard nature there is 
no necessity to dig it for this crop. Indeed, if the 
soil is too light and rich, the digging of it often 
proves a drawback by inducing the over-production 
of foliage. Just hoe the ground over two inches in 
depth, and rake off and remove all weeds and rub¬ 
bish. Sow the seeds in drills one foot apart, giving 
them a coating of red lead where birds are trouble¬ 
some, and sow thickly, for do what you will—short 
of netting—the greenfinches will take some.— W.B.G. 
THE KITCHEN GARDEN. 
Celery.— The earliest plantation of Celery will now 
require partly earthing up, and some care is 
necessary that the soil does not reach the centre of 
the plants while the work is in progress. It is well 
to clear away all superfluous growths, and tie stalks 
together with a piece of matting before gorng 
further. If the trench is in any way dry give a good 
soaking of liquid manure water, as there is little 
chance of the rain reaching the roots after the earth¬ 
ing takes place. The ground should be thoroughly 
broken up and heavily coated with lime as a pre¬ 
ventative to the ingress of worms, &c., which often 
wholly disfigure the sticks and render them next to 
useless. Unless required very early it will be best 
to earth the plants at two different periods as 
growth is not so likely to be retarded as when the 
work is completed at once. Place the soil 
moderately firm round the stems selecting a dry day 
when the soil is not in a sticky state as the best for 
the work. Where a few heads are required fur 
exhibition the best method is blanching with paper 
instead of soil. Take strips of strong brown paper 
and bind round the stems not too tight, but just 
sufficient to allow the plant to swell out. Give 
frequent watering with liquid manure from the farm¬ 
yard, and if earwigs are troublesome (as they are 
in many places), place a number of beanstalks 
amongst the plants examining them frequently, and 
destroying those collected therein. 
Cabbage, if sown as advised will now be ready 
