CABBAGE AND TURNIP-GALL WEEVIL. 
25 
Turnips, and as “Club” in Cabbage, which are caused by a fungus, 
yet the two attacks are often confused together, and, in the case of 
Cabbage, are often to be found on the same stock. As this point is 
often inquired about, and the same kinds of treatment and applications 
to the land are useful for getting rid of both the fungus and the insect- 
attack, the following remarks may be of some interest. 
The notes on the gall-weevil are mainly from my own observations 
taken near Isleworth, where I have seen badly-infested Cabbage-stocks 
lying in cart-loads, where they have been thrown in heaps when the 
fields were cleared. 
The Turnip and Cabbage-gall Weevil is a very small blackish 
beetle, about the eighth of an inch long, and of the shape figured 
(magnified) at p. 24, which shows the long fine proboscis, or snout, 
with the “ elbowed” antennae, or horns, placed on each side ; also the 
channel along the middle of the thorax, and striae, or furrows, along 
the wing-cases. The colour is black, with grey or white scales 
beneath, and sometimes a sprinkling of them above. 
The method of attack is for the female either to make little holes 
with her proboscis, in which to deposit her eggs,—usually one in each 
hole,—or else simply to lay them on the surface of the Turnip-bulb, 
or Cabbage-stock or root, as the case may be. The maggots which 
hatch from these eggs are, as figured, thick and legless, very much 
wrinkled across, and white or yellowish. The head is furnished with 
strong chestnut-coloured jaws, darker at the tips, and armed (see figure, 
p. 26) with two teeth, and also sometimes with a third much smaller 
tooth on the inner side. The maggots, which I took from Swede- 
galls, differed slightly from those taken out of Turnip or Cabbage- 
galls in the two teeth being smaller, and the third, or tubercle, being 
absent (see fig. 1 , a, b, c, p. 26) ; also, as might be expected, in being, 
like their food, of a more ochreous colour. 
The gall-maggots are for some time hardly observable within the 
galls, which their presence has given rise to, but after a while, as they 
grow and eat out the centre of the gall with their strong jaws, they 
may be found either singly, in separate galls, or (where the galls are 
in clusters) there may be a group of little cells, communicating with 
each other inside, and each with a maggot within. 
When full-fed the maggots leave the galls and make earth-cases, 
in which they turn to the pupal or chrysalis state. These cases they 
form by first securing a little bit of the material lying close to them 
with the tip of the tail, and then, with their jaws, and moisture from 
the mouth, fastening on to this beginning little morsels of pebble, 
sticks, earth, or whatever may be within reach, and so forming a solid 
case around themselves. If disturbed in this operation, the maggot 
will drag its partly-formed case with it, or if the case, when newly 
