26 
CABBAGE. 
made, is broken, I have seen the maggot complete it again. The 
quantity of moisture used in fastening the particles of earth together 
is so great, that wet patches can be observed inside the case as the 
work goes on. When complete the case, or eartli-cocoon, is smooth 
inside, and lined with a kind of whitish or yellowish gummy material, 
and it lies (as figured below) in a hollow in the ground from which the 
Fig. 1. Fig. 3. 
Fig. 1. — a, b, c. Jaws of Turnip and Cabbage and Swede-Turnip weevil larva 
respectively, magnified. 
Fig. 2.—Eartli-cocoon of the gall-weevil chrysalis, and chamber in which it lies, 
magnified. 
Fig, 3 .—Cabbage-root, with galls of the weevil C. sulcicollis* 
material was taken. The time occupied from the maggot going into 
the ground to the perfect beetle coming up from it was between fifty- 
four days and two months in the middle of summer, in the instances 
that I watched. 
The beetles may be found from spring onwards during summer, 
and some maggots still in the galls in winter; and the maggots bear 
being frozen hard without the slightest apparent injury, for on being 
thawed they will at once go down into soft earth, and begin to build 
up their earth-cases. 
Prevention and Remedy. 
With regard to Turnips and Swedes, the simple fact that in 
common rotation the crop comes at sufficient interval to prevent the 
ground harbouring the weevils, or morsels of maggot-infested pieces 
from the preceding root-crop, is usually a great security; but where, 
in Cabbage-growing districts, one Cabbage crop may be put in after 
* The above figure, from my paper on G. sulcicollis , in the ‘ Entomologist,’ 
vol. x.. p. 246, is inserted by kind permission of Mr. T. P. Newman. 
