58 
CORN. 
? 
so ; there seems always to have been a selections of cargoes for the 
English market, containing an undue proportion of impurities, and it 
has generally been considered that we have more impurities in our 
Russian Wheats than was grown with them,* while Marseilles at the 
same time was getting choice quality and clean Wheat. 
“ 2. Could the sending of foul grain be stopped ? Certainly. The 
Bristol Channel merchants have stopped the excessive adulteration of 
Russian Barley by only buying Barley subject to analysis, and 
stipulating that there shall not be more than 8 per cent, of impurities. 
To enforce this they have become liable to each other in a heavy bond 
of £500 for each infraction. Since the agreement has been in force 
the Russian shippers have been able to ship to comply with above. No 
comment is necessary. 
As regards Wheat, the lower qualities, we suspect, are made by 
mixing fair qualities of Wheat with Rye, and separations from other 
Wheats, such as Cockle, Oil-seed, &c.f 
“ Generally, with all Russian Wheats, there is a great amount of 
impurity. This impurity consists of pieces of dirt, Rye, Cockle, Oil¬ 
seed, Vetches, thin shrivelled grains of Wheat, and frequently stones, 
&c. If the Wheat was ever winnowed, the out-siftings and separations 
must have been carefully put back again. It is perfectly impossible to 
get a sample of Russian Wheat quite clean ; there is always some hard 
dirt and Rye in it. Thus Russian can never be depended on as a basis 
for first-class flour. It is a great pity that it is so, because, if the 
English miller could get Russian Wheat clean, America would not 
injure him so much by her shipments of flour. 
“Average weight and value of screenings from Russian Wheat. 
Reckoning a quarter of Wheat as 500 lbs., and worth 35s. 
l°/ 0 thin shrivelled Wheat at £3 10s. per ton 
1% cockle and other seeds 
5% Rye and small Wheat at £4 per ton 
l°/ 0 large and small impurities and dust at £2 per ton 
per qr. 
£ s. d. 
0 0 If 
0 0 1 
0 0 10 | 
0 0 1 
8 
8% of Wheat as above value 
0 1 2 £ 
.. 0 2 9£ 
Nett loss .. .. .. ..017 
“ The lower qualities of Odessa and Azov Wheat would contain not 
less than 40 per cent, of impurities, mainly Rye.” 
For the following communication I am indebted to the courtesy of 
Mr. H. C. Woodward, of the firm of Messrs. H. C. Woodward and Co., 
Corn Brokers, Liverpool:— 
“ I have been requested by Mr. Capper to send you a line in reply 
to your letter to him of the 11th of May, in reference to the foul state 
f Id. 
€ 
* See observations, p. 64. 
