62 
COEN. 
I 
“ Eussia ships much cleaner than formerly, but South Eussia still 
continues to send many cargoes of Barley especially with large per¬ 
centage of admixture of dust, dirt, and seeds. 
“At all principal ports in the United Kingdom corn-trade associa¬ 
tions are established, or are being established, for protecting the 
interests of importers and millers, and are doing more than anybody 
else can do to teach foreign shippers that it is to their own interest to 
cease their old custom of shipments in such unclean state as your 
correspondent alludes to.” 
I was further favoured with a note from Mr. Eiley, after going over 
two of the large corn-mills in Hull, that in both cases any assistance 
in investigation would be gladly given, as the dirty state in which the 
Wheat comes in was much complained of, it being thus so much more 
liable to breed weevils, “ especially the late shipments, which are 
sometimes nearly alive with them”; and also I was supplied with 
samples of the different kinds of screenings, of which Mr. Eiley wrote 
as follows :— 
“ I have sent you several samples of rubbish taken out of the 
Wheat; it is from Californian, Indian, and Eussian Wheats ; they are 
all mixed in certain proportions, and taken to the top of the mill and 
put through several screens, brushes, and exhausts. The bags are 
numbered. No. 1 is principally short straw, and sold for pig bedding, 
&c.; No. 2 (screenings) is sold for hen-corn ; No. 3 is small, broken 
corn and seeds (for which there is a market, as also for No. 4, but the 
uses of these were not named) ; No. 5 is not of much use, as it is 
generally stones and lumps, and larger things than corns of Wheat, 
&c. I also send samples of Indian Wheat, which, if not now, will soon 
be full of weevils, as that class of corn gets warm on the passage.” 
Of the above samples, No. 1 (now before me) proved to be composed 
mainly of broken bits of straw running up to about 2f inches long, 
bits of the stem of the ear from which the Wheat had been detached, 
and likewise morsels of the Wheat-ear with the grain still adhering, 
and grain with and without the chaff. There was a slight admixture 
of small sticks, bits of wood, and a little Maize, Pea, and weed-seeds. 
By means of pieces of straiv such as these it is perfectly possible that corn- 
stem attacks may be transmitted in maggot or chrysalis-state , either within 
the tube of the straiv or outside it, secured from injury by the sheathing-leaf . 
No. 2, hen-corn, was chiefly of small or shrunken Wheat, with 
broken grain and chaff, together with some amount of weed-seed, &c. 
No. 3 was (as mentioned above) composed of broken corn, with 
small grains, and much small roundish black or dark brown weed-seed 
intermixed. 
No 4, mainly of dust, with some admixture of bits of straw, chaff 
light grain, &c. 
