FLOUR MOTH. 
G9 
were arranged more transversely, and at the tail, immediately above 
the sucker feet, was a brownish, oval or somewhat triangular patch 
(the anal plate). On the preceding segment the transverse row of 
spots varied somewhat in different specimens; the largest was in the 
middle, with a smaller one on each side, occasionally one below, which 
would make five altogether; but sometimes the lowest pair was 
absent, sometimes the middle large spot was not entire ; conjecturally 
the marking differed with the age of the caterpillar. On the preceding, 
that is, the eleventh segment, there were two clearly-defined brownish 
spots, and along each side of the caterpillar was a row of dark dots, 
one on each segment. 
The caterpillar was slightly sprinkled with pale hairs or fine 
bristles, and had such a capacity for catching and retaining a covering 
of flour that I was obliged perpetually to remove it with the moistened 
tip of a finger to obtain a clear view of the markings. 
The chrysalis, which was lying in a silken cocoon of spun-up flour, 
showed the chief points of the form of the coming insect plainly—the 
colour bees-wax below, shading to reddish brown on the back, and 
reddish brown also at the end of the somewhat prolonged, slightly- 
curved tail, which ended bluntly or cylindrically ; the eyes of a darker 
shade of red. There were remains of dead, partly-developed moths or 
chrysalids in the box, but I could not make sure whether, as thought 
not unlikely by Prof. Zeller, these had been destroyed by their 
caterpillar brethren—the size and power of their jaws make the 
cannibal habit appear very probable. I had not opportunity of 
observing how long the chrysalis state lasts before the moth appears 
from the chrysalis condition, but this time is given by Prof. Zeller as 
three weeks. 
The attack may be considered as going on constantly where 
temperature is suitable, for we have notes of appearance of the 
moths in May, June, July, November, and December; and intermediate 
observations of larval or pupal presence point to this, which, when 
once established, is indeed a mill or flour scourge , as being a year- 
round pest. 
With regard to measures of prevention or remedy . In the application 
made to myself, the difficulty was (as mentioned at p. 67) the extent 
to which the caterpillar working clogged the apparatus, and I suggested 
the possibility of destroying the caterpillars by turning on hot steam 
from the engine, a plan which I knew had been perfectly successful 
in clearing a cheese-factory of maggots which had spread into chinks 
and crannies to a most inconvenient extent; and on Nov. 8tli the 
following report was sent me by my correspondent as to the (so far) 
satisfactory progress of the work of getting rid of the moths:— 
“ I am beginning to hope I have almost seen the last of them ; at 
