( 4 ) 
a strong pickling brine, applied two or three times during the 
season, are very useful. Paraffin and kerosine are useful for a time, 
but the smell goes off before very long. 
Where cattle are suffering badly from Warbles, so that the 
health is clearly affected, and the animal wasting, the use of the 
well-known old “ black oils” has been found to do much good. 
Mr. Hy. Thompson, M.R.C.V.S., of Aspatria, Cumberland, 
gives the following recipe used for a bad case:—“Turpentine, 
1-| oz.; sulphuric acid, 1 drachm (here a chemical action sets in 
and must be done with caution). To this I added 10 oz. raw 
linseed oil, and rubbed the cow’s back once a-day with the 
mixture.In a fortnight the back was cleaned and all the 
maggots destroyed.” 
There are many other points that bear on prevention, of which 
one is—noting that Warble Flies are most active in heat and sunshine , 
and appear not to 'pursue cattle over water; consequently allowing 
the cattle the power of sheltering themselves, and access to shallow 
pools, is desirable. Likewise with regard to pastures, or standing- 
ground of infested cattle, it is matter of course that where the 
maggots have fallen from their backs the Flies will shortly appear to 
start neiv attacks. 
Warble attack is one of the few in which each owner benefits 
surely by his own work. 
The attack of Warbles is now grown to be one causing enormous 
annual national loss, estimated by practical men at sums from two 
millions to seven millions pounds sterling p>er annum , at the least. 
There is no sort of reason why we should suffer it to go on; and 
the reports sent in from cattle owners in Great Britain and Ireland 
during the last three years show the ease with which the attack 
may be checked, and the great consequent gain to owners. Any 
applications to myself on the subject will receive immediate 
and most careful attention, and any information would be gladly 
received. 
ELEANOR A. ORMERQD, 
Consulting Entomologist 
to the Royal Agricultural Society. 
Torrington House, St. Albans, 
May, 1S88. 
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