IV PREFACE. 
caterpillar of the Death’s-head Moth were also reported. Man¬ 
golds suffered in various places from the Mangold-leaf Maggot, 
and an Aphis (Plant Louse) was also present; and on Turnips 
or Cabbage respectively the most notable pests recorded were the 
“ Turnip grub,” the Turnip Diamond-back Moth, the Turnip 
“ Mud-beetle, and the maggots of Cabbage-root Flies. 
Amongst Orchard Moth-attack we had those of the Winter 
(or Evesham), the Mottled Umber, and the March Moths, all 
destructive by means of their Looper-caterpillars; the Lackey, 
and the Small Ermine Moths’ web-nest makers; the Figure of 8 
Moth, with its “blue-head” caterpillars, and the Codlin Moth; 
also the little Eye-spotted Bud Moth, and the Pith Moths, 
besides other kinds not so particularly noticed. The very 
injurious Apple-blossom Weevil also occurred, and the Woolly 
Apple Aphis (commonly known as “American blight”) was also 
the subject of enquiry. 
Pear as usual suffered from Sawfly,—a very destructive 
attack which might most easily be prevented,—and a few less 
important infestations; Plum, from Aphides and the newly- 
observed Shot-borer Beetles, whose ravages need most careful 
attention. On Currants the Gall-mite continues to cause great 
loss to growers; and the White Woolly Currant Scale, which 
happily can be easily got rid of, was first recorded as present in 
England in the past year (1889). Gooseberry caterpillars (which, 
whether of Moth or Sawfly, might be much lessened or quite got 
rid of by proved and simple treatment) were present, and 
Gooseberry Scale was enquired about. 
The caterpillars of the great Goat Moth and of the Wood 
Leopard Moth (destructive to the solid wood of fruit- as well as 
timber-trees) were also sent, and, without entering in tedious 
detail on forest infestations, so also were notes and specimens of 
attack to Pine, Oak, Beech, Poplar, and Willow. 
Amongst Stock-insects, Ox Warble Fly is being well attended 
to; enquiry has also been made about Ox Gad Fly and Horse 
Warble Fly, much about Horse Bot Fly, and some also about 
Sheep-nostril Maggot. 
Besides these infestations, such as those of Acari, or mites, 
which sometimes make a haystack appear almost alive by their 
masses, Ants, Earwigs, and insects infesting farm produce 
