GNAT MIDGE ; RED MAGGOT. 
13 
the stem-sick Clover; and on May 18th Clover was sent me from 
Chelsing, near Ware (also obviously suffering from stem-sickness), and 
which also had accompanying many of these orange or red Cecidomyia 
maggots. 
In this case some of the maggots were only about a third grown, 
and though some were loose in the earth, I found some buried in the 
decayed matter of the stem. I also found several together in the 
hollow of a dead and decayed stem, and, joining these circumstances 
to that of the contents of the maggots being brown, there appeared 
some reason to think that they were then feeding on the decayed 
matter. 
I could not find any evidence that they were feeding on the living 
tissues, and in the case of the Rothamstead experiment—as these 
“red maggots,” and other plant-pests, and also some small white 
worms still remained in the earth round the Clover after it had been 
thrown by dressings into a healthy, vigorous growth, there did not 
appear to be cause to think that they were then doing mischief. 
Still we need to know their whole history, especially where and on 
what this species feeds in summer. There is an American Clover-seed 
Midge, the Cecidomyia leguminicola, Lintner, of which the maggots feed 
in the heads of Clover, and go down into the earth to complete their 
changes ; and a portion of the late brood also (as recorded by their 
observer, Dr. Lintner) spend the winter in the earth at the roots of 
the Clover. At first it appeared likely that this species was the one 
under observation, for the larvae or maggots sent me minutely resembled 
those of this Clover-seed Midge, and the perfect Gnat-fly or Midge, of 
which I reared a specimen,—on careful and skilled examination 
independently of my own,—appeared to be certainly of this species, 
Cecidomyia leguminicola , Lint. I could not, however, obtain any notes 
of the maggot having been observed in Clover-heads in the summer ; 
and on microscopic investigation, by comparison with specimens of the 
maggots of this Clover-seed Midge sent over to me by Dr. Lintner, I 
found that the anchor-process, &c. (see fig., p. 12) did not usually 
correspond in ours with that of the Seed-maggot. In ours the middle 
projected; in the Seed-maggot it was deeply notched, still there was a 
single specimen of which it was at least open to doubt whether it did 
not correspond exactly in form with that of the extremity of the 
process of the Seed-maggot. Therefore I think this kind may be 
slightly present, and watch should be kept whether the seed-heads of 
Clover are infested. 
There is another attack (that of the Clover-leaf Midge, the C. 
Trifolii), of which the maggot infests the lower leaves of Clover, 
fastening them together, so that the bent edges fit together and cause 
them to resemble little pods, and on opening these the galls caused by 
