54 
MANGOLDS. 
is the main ingredient. Also, to the best of my belief, there is nothing 
like the care exercised which ought to be in precautionary measures. 
I know that one time the maggots, from whatever source derived, were 
only too noticeable in one of our county towns, and also the practice 
of some entomologists of keeping large numbers of the maggot for 
observation, but without the slightest care as to where they may stray 
to, is full of risk to all their neighbours who may be connected with 
Flour-dealings, whether bakers, store holders, or millers. This point 
should be all the more scrupulously guarded against because the 
mischief caused is not brought forward. No one, whilst there is a 
chance of avoiding it, will announce his own mills or stores to be 
infested ! and the consequent difficulty of consulting with other millers 
or specialists on the subject is one reason why I have brought forward 
verbatim some of the most important practical parts of the Canadian 
Keport, which gives, from the high authorities quoted, the approval of 
the same class of measures which, though not on such a perfect scale, 
we practised here in the infested mills on which I previously reported. 
The precautionary measures : (1) That all who know they have the 
infestation (whether their neighbours know it or not) should not spread 
it, in maggots, flour, meal, or sacks, is one important point; and (2) 
that all who see reason to have the slightest doubt of infestation being 
about, should brush, or bake, or expose return-sacks to hot steam, 
would do much good. With regard to washes, or special kinds of 
fumigation, or other measures found serviceable in checking attack of 
this Flour-pest, or reasonably likely to be so, I shall be happy to give 
information to any applicant, from the copy yet remaining in my 
hands of the Canadian Eeport, or from my own (though less perfect) 
work in this country. 
MANGOLDS. 
Mangold or Beet Fly. Anthomyia beta j. 
Anthomyia betas. 
Fly, female, mag.; line showing spread of wings, nat. size; head and cluster of 
eggs, mag.; chrysalis, nat. size and mag. 
Mangold-leaf Maggot appeared at various places, but very few 
reports of it were sent to myself, and no notes of methods of prevention 
or remedy having been tried. 
