56 
ORCHARD INSECTS. 
observed, as they are generally laid on the under side of the leaf, and 
the eggs are very minute ; hut in the earlier part of August specimens 
were sent me by Mr. J. Swallow from Newcastle-on-Tyne, which, when 
seen under a microscope, were beautifully figured over with the 
characteristic, somewhat honeycomb-like markings figured at p. 54. 
These were laid in small clusters on Beet-leaves, and the Maggots 
were noted as causing much damage, “nearly destroying” the 
enquirer’s crop of Beet. 
Another enquiry was sent from near Banbury regarding attack of 
the same insect on Mangold-leaves, but without report of amount of 
injury caused. 
ORCHARD INSECTS. 
Winter Moth; Evesham Moth, Cheimatobia brumata, Linn.; 
Mottled Umber, Hybernia defoliaria, Linn.; March Moth, 
Anisopteryx ascularia , Wien Verz.; and other common species. 
Cheimatobia brumata. 
Winter Moth; male and wingless females. 
During the past season, as well as in that of 1888, insect-attack of 
various kinds was present to a serious extent on orchard fruit-trees in 
various parts of the country. The worst accounts which were sent to 
myself were from Worcestershire and Gloucestershire, and some also 
from Kent; but individual enquiries were also sent from localities 
widely separated, as from near Liverpool, and from near Ampthill, in 
Bedfordshire ; and also much damage was reported from near Barking, 
in Essex, and notes from other places showed that the insect-injury 
was not confined to the fruit-growing districts. Likewise in the past 
season, as well as in the previous one, few, if any, enquiries were sent 
to me regarding orchard-insect presence from Devonshire or Somerset¬ 
shire, and if the ravages which did so much harm in various other 
parts of England spared these counties, the reasons for this would be 
well worth investigation. 
The most injurious and most widely-spread kinds of attacks were, 
as before, those of the Winter Moth caterpillars. The web-making 
caterpillars of the Lackey Moth and the Small Ermine Moth were also 
