90 
PINE. 
c 
bark, which have been thrown aside in plantations where thinnings 
have been rough-dressed on the spot. Also they much frequent root¬ 
stocks, or portions of exposed roots of felled trees which have been cut 
off at ground-level. 
Here the maggots hatch and feed, as there is moisture enough to 
suit them, but not a healthy flow of sap to choke them in their tunnels. 
When full-grown they are about half-an-incli long, whitish and fleshy, 
with brown heads; they are much wrinkled across, and the three 
segments next the head much enlarged ; they are footless, or have only 
just indications of the presence of feet on the three front segments. 
They may be found in the above-named feeding-grounds from about 
July onwards either in maggot or chrysalis state until the spring of the 
following year, and amongst methods of prevention one of the best is 
so to clear away all rubbish that there is nothing for the beetles to lay 
in; or, on the other hand,—following the German method,—to let the 
pieces of logs, waste pieces of outsides, and the like, remain about as 
decoys or traps for a while, and in the course of the winter gather all 
together and burn them, with the contained maggots. 
Regarding the establishment of attack by systematically leaving 
loppings on the ground, Prof. Harker wrote me that in July last he 
received through one of his students an enquiry as to the nature of an 
insect’s attack on new plantations of Coniferae in Nottinghamshire, 
and after some correspondence a supply of specimens sent showed the 
presence of the Pine Weevil, Hylobius abietis, in such great numbers (both 
in chrysalis and beetle state) as to leave little doubt that these were “ the 
prime offenders.” In reply to Prof. Harker’s enquiries, the owner of 
the estate kindly furnished full particulars, which he forwarded on to 
me as follows :— 
“ The new plantations on the property are some thirty acres in 
extent, and were planted twenty years ago. They consist chiefly of 
Coniferse, Spruce, Scotch Fir, Larch, Austrian and Corsican Pine, 
while round the mansion there is a Pinetum comprising numerous 
species of Pinus picea, abies, cupressus , &c. The trees which have 
succumbed to the attacks of the beetles are chiefly Scotch Fir, some of 
them well-grown trees of from twenty to thirty feet in height, but one 
or two Pinus lands and a few Pinus austriaca died from the same cause. 
Some Spruce and a few Piceas also perished, but it was not certain in 
their case that they were attacked by the beetle. 
“ It is ten or twelve years since the beetles first appeared, and the 
trees killed by them had been burnt. Pure paraffin has been used to 
smear the trees near the house. 
“ I recommended treatment on the lines suggested in your ‘Manual 
of Injurious Insects,’ laying especial stress on the necessity of removing 
all fallen timber, prunings, and loose bark throughout the whole of the 
