106 
WARBLES. 
greenish-yellow colour, and this spoils the beef, having a frothy 
discharge oozing from the surface, with a soapy-like look; hence the 
name, ‘licked beef.’”—H. T. 
Though licked beef was plentiful enough, yet there was immense 
difficulty in getting specimens with the warbled hide still attached, so 
that we might have the proof absolutely before our eyes of immediate 
connection of the diseased state with Warble-presence. But on the 
17th of May a very good specimen was sent me by favour of Mr. 
Henry Thompson from Workington, in Cumberland. This was a large 
piece, containing the back-bone, flesh, and hide, all cut right out of the 
centre of the animal after slaughtering. Altogether this weighed over 
four stones, and was an excellent specimen for our purpose, because it 
was so very moderately warbled that it showed how mischief may arise, 
even from an average or less than average amount of Warble-presence. 
Regarding this specimen, Prof. Penberthy (who kindly examined it 
for me) wrote me from the Royal Veterinary College on May 20th :— 
“ The parcel arrived quite safely, and its contents in good preservation. 
I fear that this time again we have not a very serious attack. In a 
superficies of 450 inches I found eighteen well-developed, and eight 
very small Warbles. There was, however, ample evidence of inflam¬ 
matory products. 
“ The changes had not apparently affected the red flesh (muscles). 
It so happens that in the parts more seriously invaded the muscles are 
covered with dense fibrous tissue. 
“ This morning, in those parts in which the Warbles were most 
numerous, putrefactive change was much more advanced than in those 
in which there were no Warbles.”—J. P. 
In this case we had only a beginning of bad effects from a moderate 
attack; later on a sample of the “jelly,” or inflamed tissue scraped 
from an infested animal, showed (as noted below) the diseased state 
very perfectly. Regarding this material, so to call it, Mr. John Child, 
Managing Secretary of the Leeds and District Hide, &c., Company, 
wrote me as follows:— 
“ In the worst parts of the Warble season I could get you bucketsful 
of inflamed tissue, commonly called by the butchers ‘jelly,’ cut and 
scraped from the carcase after the hide is taken off. The formation of 
this inflamed matter must be a great drain on the health, condition and 
quality of the animal, and must be a great loss to somebody.”—J. C. 
The height of the Warble-season was then quite past, but on 
July 16th Mr. Child forwarded me a sample of this so-called “jelly,” 
with the remark that it was “ difficult to get at this time of year. 
When the grub leaves the hide, the inflamed tissue soon diminishes, 
and in a very few weeks disappears altogether; but during the most 
active part of the Warble-season the condition of the carcase of the 
