126 
APPENDIX. 
therein, I could not find any of these ; the galleries ran on smoothly, 
and were of an even surface and width. 
As the maggot-season was past when I received the British speci¬ 
mens, and examined the state of the contents of the galleries, what was 
then to be found there necessarily was no proof of what the maggots 
had fed on, but there was some amount of the fungus-mycelium 
certainly present. 
Herr Eichlioff mentions (p. 274) that, “like almost all bark-beetles, 
the dispar has annually two seasons of appearance, and correspondingly 
two generations,” but this refers to German observations; we do not 
know as yet how this may be in our somewhat different climate. He 
also draws attention to the great number of males which may 
occasionally be found collected together, which is a point of much 
interest, for the male beetle has been considered to be so exceedingly 
rare that when I had, in the course of dissecting out the beetle-tunnels 
in the middle of the winter, found small parties of them (the male 
dispar), not unfrequently collected by themselves, I was told by the Rev. 
Canon W. Fowler (well known for his knowledge of the Coleoptera) that 
large sums had been given for a single specimen, even, he believes, 
amounting to twenty shillings a-piece at no very distant date previously. 
The very important point, however, of the information which ive gain 
from Herr Eichhojf's treatise is that there really are practicable methods of 
prevention, or at least of lessening amount of presence, and continued spread 
of this thorough pest. It will be seen that these are of precisely the 
same nature as the precautions regarding Pine-weevil and Pine-beetle 
attack, which have now been in regular and approved use in Pine- 
woods and plantations by foresters for many years.* 
The principle of this prevention lies in the removal of the fallen 
or injured wood, which, by reason of the sluggish movement of the 
sap, is particularly acceptable to the beetles for breeding purposes, and 
also in placing poles (“trap-wood”) to attract the beetles, and then 
destroying the infested poles. 
Herr Eichhoff notes that, even though dispar is undoubtedly not so 
badly destructive in reality as might be inferred from the repeated 
statements “that it only attacks and breeds in sound wood,” yet, 
going still further, he thinks from his own observations that it is not 
worse than many others; and he remarks:—“As I have repeatedly 
said, it prefers to breed in stumps of felled Oaks and Beeches, and in 
fallen trees, and so long as it has these it spares the effective healthy 
material.”—W. E. 
* These have been entered on at length in previous Reports, and some further 
observations are given in this present Report (pp. 88—91), with a special observation 
(at top of p. 91) of attack of Pine Weevil occurring where the preventive measures 
had been omitted. 
