4 
APPLE. 
these common attacks. Therefore, as the Apple is the most important, 
I have made the following short note of an attack on Hawthorn a 
reason for drawing attention to it:— 
On June 29tli Mr. A. Caldwell, Harrow Eoad, forwarded me speci¬ 
mens of webbed-up leaves and caterpillars, with the information that 
“ the caterpillars have so completely devoured the leaves from one of 
our thorn hedges that we are afraid the attack will kill it altogether. 
“ We have cut all the growth the hedge has made this year to get 
rid of the pest; also to induce the hedge to break afresh. 
“ Part of the leafage which has not been completely devoured 
hangs all withered up, presenting a most unsightly appearance. I 
may mention that the hedge is within eleven feet of the edge of the 
Grand Junction Canal.” 
The numerous specimens forwarded developed into a large supply 
of the Y'ponomeuta padella, the Small Ermine Moth. 
Where attack is on trees mischief may be stopped by snipping off 
the web-nests when the caterpillars are in them, and destroying them. 
Of course care must he taken to cut the nests when the caterpillars 
are within, and also it is desirable to hold a pail or something below 
in which the caterpillars which try to get away may he caught in any 
mixture thought serviceable. When the caterpillars have spun in the 
nest, then cutting the web off with the cocoons within will get rid of 
much future attack. 
On hedges it is difficult to get rid of them, but, as the caterpillars 
let themselves down by threads on alarm, probably they may be got 
rid of by thorough drenchings applied by a garden engine (as with 
Hop Aphis) of soft-soap and tobacco, very dilute, or paraffin, and the 
caterpillars which fall being destroyed by trampling (which boys 
would manage in many cases) or by throwing gas-lime, quick-lime, or 
anything that would kill them. 
Winter Moth. Cheimatobia brumata , Steph. 
The caterpillars of the Winter Moths (see figure), and several 
other nearly-allied kinds, cause much mischief yearly to leafage (and 
especially to the leafage of Apple and other fruit trees) which might 
be much lessened by observing that, as figured opposite, the female is 
only possessed of abortive wings ; consequently, if any measures are 
taken to keep the females from walking by means of their long spider¬ 
like legs up the trees to lay their eggs, the trees can be preserved from 
their attack. 
The following communication from Mr. J. G. Straclian, of Farm 
Hill Park, Stroud, bears on this point. On the 22nd of October he ® 
wrote me :— 
