YOUNG-WHEAT MAGGOT. 
33 
maggots were first sent me on Feb. 12th ; they much resembled those 
of the Sciara figured, and, though they differed from the Daddy Long- 
SCIARA FUCATA. 
Maggot, chrysalis, and fly; all nat. size and magnified. 
legs grubs in being very small, and also in being white, they were 
plainly, like the Sciara, very nearly allied to those common Tipulce; 
and the following account by Mr. W. J. Malden, which was kindly 
forwarded to me by Dr. Voelcker shows their habits also to be very 
like those of the Daddy Longlegs grubs :— 
“ I have found a few more of the grubs which are attacking the 
Wheat, and have forwarded them. I daresay you will find that they 
have worked into the lumps of dirt and Clover roots. The fields most 
attacked in this district are after Clover lea, and last year the Clover- 
wheats were the only ones attacked, and, as the insects were found 
very much in the lumps of Clover which have been buried, it is likely 
that the Fly lays its eggs on the Clover, or (for that matter) on any 
green stuff convenient, and the grub comes to maturity in favourable 
seasons. 
“ There is no doubt that going off of Wheat at this time of year is 
almost always due to these grubs, as it always presents the same 
appearance, and I can remember it as long as I can remember any¬ 
thing. The least pressure kills them, so that heavy rollings would be 
the best way of killing them, provided the land would carry a roll or 
crusher ; but that is in our case impossible at present, and, in fact, 
there is little land that would carry horses just now. 
“ I expect it is owing to these little beasts that Wheat always does 
best with a firm seed-bed. I think that rolling would answer for 
killing these better than killing Wireworms. A heavy roll will kill 
them, but it only retards to some extent the other insect from moving 
freely, though it is also good for pressing the soil well round the root, 
and letting it get fresh or firmer hold. 
“ We did not suffer from these insects during the frosty winters, 
two, three, and four years ago, but have done so during the last two ; 
