MANGOLD AND BEET FLY. 
49 
Early in June I received, from Mr. Cecil Parker, a box containing 
maggots, together with Mangold leaves, with the information that 
they were specimens of the maggot then destroying Mangolds in 
Cheshire. Guano had been ordered to be applied along the drills, and 
was put at the rate of 3 cwt. per acre, but the weather, being dry at 
the time, it did no good, and up to September 6th it was still noted :— 
“ The guano did no good; the maggots were in scores in the skins of 
the leaves, and in consequence there was at that time only about 
a sixth of what there ought to have been.” Later on, however, 
“ the Mangolds filled out considerably, and the crop was heavier than 
was expected.” 
On my request Mr. Parker procured me full details of the pre¬ 
paration of the land for the above Mangold crop of six acres, grown 
after Clover roots, which may be given shortly as—two plougliings, 
two scarifyings, three rollings, three liarrowings, ridged twice ; also the 
application of 8 cwt. of salt per acre, twenty loads of manure per acre, 
partly from the stud and partly from the farmyard, and, as above 
mentioned, 8 cwt. guano. 
It will be noted that in both cases there was careful cultivation, 
but in the first the farm-yard manure was given in the autumn, as 
soon after harvest as possible. 
It is nearly sure, from the careful turning over of the soil in 
Mr. Parker’s treatment, that the Mangold Fly cannot have come up 
from chrysalids in the earth, and, looking at the fact of this class of 
Flies being attracted by manure, and the grubs being sometimes both 
manure and plant feeders, it appears worth observation whether there 
is more or less attack generally on land which has been autumn 
manured, and where consequently there is neither the rank state of 
the dung nor the smell from it which is attractive to some kinds 
of Flies nearly allied to the Mangold and Beet Fly. 
But further, it appears from the observations of Mr. J. A. Lintner, 
State Entomologist of New York, U.S.A., given in his Report for 
1882, that he has found three other kinds of Flies either infesting the 
leafage, or has reared them from maggots in the leafage of Beet, 
besides the A. beta, which we know t in this country. 
One of these species is “very similar” to a kind ( Chortophila 
conformis ) which mines Burdock leaves in this country; another, 
hitherto undescribed, has been named Chortophila betarum; and the 
third, which may have been merely infesting the Beet leaves , was either the 
A. floralis , Fallen, which we know as feeding on Cabbage and Turnip 
roots, or the Phorbia floccosa , which, if not the same kind, is almost 
similar. 
• As yet we chiefly know the grubs of this Fly (the A. floralis or 
Radish Fly, see pp. 10—17) as Cabbage and Turnip root feeders, and as 
E 
