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Gad Flies, Horse Flies, or Breeze Flies. 
Rcematopota pluvialis, Linn. Horse or Rain Breeze Fly. 
Therioplectes tropicus , Meig. (No known English name.) 
,, solstitialis, Meig. Midsummer Gad Fly. 
Atylotus fulvus, Meig. Tawny Gad Fly. 
Tabanus bovinus, Linn. Great Ox Gad Fly. 
,, autumnalis, Linn. Breeze Fly. 
,, bromius, Linn. “ Noisy” Breeze Fly. 
,, cognatus, Low'. “ Allied” Breeze Fly. 
Chrysops ccBcutiens, Linn. Blinding Breeze Fly. 
Tabanus bovinus, Linn., and larva and pupa. After De Geer. 
The family of the Tabanidce, commonly known as Gad Flies, 
Horse Flies, or Breeze Flies, are strong and mostly broad-made 
flies, varying in size in this country from about a quarter of an inch 
to an inch or more in length, and from three-quarters of an inch to 
one or two inches in the spread of the wings. Of these we have 
about eighteen kinds, and in 1895, when much attention was given 
to injurious horse and cattle flies, twelve or more kinds were sent 
me, either still alive or sufficiently fresh to enable me to identify 
the species. 
Some of the kinds are easily distinguishable for all practical 
purposes, as, for instance, the Great Ox Gad Fly, a painful attacker 
of horses, as well as cattle ; the little straight-sided grey Horse Fly ; 
and the pretty little Chrysops , with its banded wings; but though 
there is difficulty in distinguishing a good many of the kinds one 
from another scientifically, the flies of this family of the Tabanidce 
may be known as mentioned shortly at p. 2, ante, by being furnished 
with a proboscis, used by the female for blood sucking. Or (apart 
from any scientific investigations) if a fly is found to draw blood 
this may be taken as a sure and certain sign that it is not a Bot or 
Warble Fly. 
The formation of the mouth in Gad Flies is as follows. The 
proboscis is short, and projects horizontally, and in the female 
encloses six, in the male four, somewhat lancet-like instruments. 
It is terminated by two fleshy lip-like lobes, and is guarded at 
