34 
felted,” and “Orange-powdered” kind, noticeable by its hairy or 
even felted appearance. Eyes of the male with thick and long 
yellow-grey hair, commonly without stripes; of the female pale olive 
green, with black round bright spots. 
7. -— -Hcematopota pluvialis (Panz.), Small Rain Breeze or Horse 
Fly. A little greyish fly, hardly half an inch long. Eyes, when 
living, green above, purple below, with bluish stripe, or one-coloured 
with stripes. Wings with numerous little pale variously shaped 
marks. 
8. — Chrysops ccecutiens, “ Small Blinding Breeze Fly.” Length 
about a third to two-fifths of an inch. Eyes golden green with 
purple spots, and hind border or stripe; also has three distinct 
ocelli, that is, little speck-like eyes on the top of the head (a very 
distinguishing mark); wings when at rest expanded to being about 
half open (see figure, p. 32). 
It is of some practical service to be able to distinguish the above 
mentioned kinds of flies, as there is some difference in the localities 
which they chiefly frequent; also between the appearance of the 
harmless males and the blood-sucking females, and, when alive, or 
at least quite fresh, the colouring or marking of the great eyes 
which occupy much of the head, will be found to be a great help 
in identification. By looking at the above list, it will be seen that 
in some kinds the eyes are entirely of one colour, in some they are 
striped, and in a few they are spotted. 
Prevention and Remedies.— In the first-rate Bulletin (No. 5, 
New Series, p. 63) of the U.S.A. Department of Agriculture, it is 
mentioned with regard to these kinds of flies that, “as we have 
unfortunately no certain means of repelling them from cattle 
[horses, of course, to be understood also, E. A. 0.] so as to prevent 
the bites, which is the only thing we need fear from them, a 
description of remedies is unnecessary.” 
But still, observation of localities chosen for, or avoided by, the 
flies as places of annoyance might save some trouble. 
The small Horse Fly is especially noted as “at hand near water 
in the height of summer,” also as being numerous by roads and 
paths, and attacking animals on hot days. 
The yellow-marked little Blinding Breeze Flies are also often 
to be found near water in great numbers, and it w r as an interesting 
remark sent from a contributor near Lymington, Hants, apparently 
referring to the above kind, but possibly including all the Gad 
Flies of the New Forest, certainly upwards of twelve species, that, 
