36 
make each strand of it a double firm-ended piece. Of this Dr. 
Spooner mentioned, regarding fly prevention, the close eye fringe is 
all that is required if the owner will look after it, and keep it clean, 
and in proper order. 
Twigs and branches of leaves, which are so very often placed 
at horses heads to keep off flies in hot weather, might he much more 
used, and also fastened to other parts of the harness with advantage. 
The constant movement disturbs flies, and the scent of some leaves 
(as Walnut leaves for instance), if occasionally rubbed a little to give 
out the perfume, might act as a deterrent. 
There is often a difficulty as to applying chemical dressings to 
riding or carriage horses, on account of the unpleasantness of the 
scent, likewise the soiling of the coats or the harness of the animals. 
But looking at the beneficial effects of weak phenyle, lightly rubbed 
on whatever part of the animal it is wished to protect; also, that 
of the following application in allowing cattle to rest in peace in 
the meadows from all kinds of fly attack (as well as that of Warble 
Fly):—“4 oz. flowers of sulphur, 1 gill spirits of tar, 1 quart train- 
oil ; to be mixed well together, and applied once a week along each 
side of the spine of the animal”; also, thirdly, the apparently * 
serviceable (though not directly reported) use of McDougall’s dip 
or smear, something might be done by way of protection, during 
the season when many working animals would be much the better 
for it. 
Horse Warble Fly. . ? Hypoderma Loiseti, Loiset = ?(Edemagena 
equi ; ? Hypoderma equi. * 
In the paper following at p. 39, “Notes on the Ox Warble Fly,” 
the Hypoderma bovis will be found given in careful detail, but besides 
the injury that is caused to cattle by this infestation, horses also 
are occasionally so much troubled by an attack of a very similar 
nature, that, as the entomological history does not appear as yet (so 
far as I am aware) to be fully known, it seems desirable to mention 
it as a “horse attack,” under a separate heading. 
The names noted above with notes of interrogation prefixed 
give scientific appellations which have been provisionally bestowed 
* Publications on Horse Warble attack are:—Loiset; Note sur l’cestre cuti- 
cule du cheval, Mem. Soc. Veter, d. 1. Manclie et du Calvados, 9, 197, 1844 
((Edemagena equi)-, Joly, Recherche s. 1. cestre, H. Loiset, p. 241, 1846; and 
Joly, Comptes rendus d. 1. Academie, p. 86 (. Hypoderma equi, die larve, 88), 
Paris, 1849. 
T 
