43 
three upper joints, preceding the fourth with its kind of pincer-like 
termination for depositing the egg. 
In one instance in which the maggot tunnel had only gone 
about half way through the hide, I found at the bottom of the 
passage a small body, which, though crushed in taking the section, 
was still obviously the larva. 
The first observation of young warble infestation beneath the hide 
was sent me on November 12th, 1884, by Messrs. C. & H. Hatton, 
Barton Tannery, Hereford, with the note that they considered it 
showed first symtoms of warble attack. The piece of hide sent 
was a cutting from a yearling skin about twelve inches by four 
inches, and on the flesh side there were upwards of seven slight 
swellings about a quarter of an inch across, of a livid or bluish 
colour, each forming a raised centre to greatly-inflamed patches. 
Within the blue centre I found a small warble maggot, just large 
enough to be distinguished by the naked eye when removed, but 
not plainly so whilst in the swelling, as the inside of this was of 
blood-red tissue, and the small maggot was blood-red also. Under 
the microscope it was easily distinguishable by its patches of 
minute prickles. From the red mass or maggot-cell I found that 
a fine channel passed up through the hide to the surface. The 
course of this channel was easily traced (as above mentioned) by 
the blood, which in handling the specimen was pressed from below 
along this gallery till it came out in a little drop on the outside of 
the hide. This passage of blood or matter appeared to have been 
going on previously in the natural course of things, for I found 
some specks of dried matter outside on the hide. 
First observations of open warble swellings. Careful watch was 
kept for me both on living cattle and on newly flayed hides in 
various localities throughout the winter of 1885-1886, in order to 
secure the date of first observation of appearance of the warble in 
its open condition, and the first notice of advance on condition of a 
mere hair-like channel through the hide was sent me on Jan. 27th, 
1886, in specimens sent me by Mr. John Dalton, Wigton, Cumber- . 
land. The first general observation of the appearance of the warble, 
as a swelling or in open condition, began about the middle of 
February. 
Amongst these, on February 14th, Mr. E. E. McBride wrote 
from Grlendonagh, Midleton, Co. Cork, that “ the lumps were 
increasing in number and size on his cattle”; and on the same 
day Mr. Byrd, Spurstow Hall, Tarporley, Cheshire, after ex¬ 
amination of the swellings on the cattle, mentioned that “ some 
