58 
developed attack. Of this sample, Prof. Penberthy wrote me:— 
“In a superficies of 450 inches, I found eighteen well-developed 
and eight very small warbles. There was, however, ample evidence 
of inflammatory action, and, in a few spots, of inflammatory pro¬ 
ducts.This morning, in those parts in which the warbles 
were most numerous, putrefactive change was much more advanced 
than in those in which there were no warbles.” 
To the above notes I add a single one, of many which I have, 
showing the loss to the cattle owner by waste of food not formed 
into meat by the warbled beast, as well as deficiency of receipt per 
stone on the carcase and per pound on the hide. Mr. J. Sparkes, 
Wearliead, Darlington, wrote me, on the 10th of April, that he had 
lately sold to a butcher a heifer, which turned out a much lighter 
weight than was expected from the extra good food. The animal 
turned out to be badly warbled, and “ down the spine frothy, loose, 
and mattery, or in a sort of jelly,” and some of the beef had to be 
scraped before sending it out. The loss on hide at Id. per pound 
would be about 5s. on the hide ; the loss on beef, the animal being 
sold by the stone, fell on the owner. This was estimated as at 
least six stones less than it should have been, and deficiency in 
receipt on hide and beef was put at 50s. to 60s., to which has to be 
added cost of food spent to no purpose. Mr. Sparkes added, he 
would take care that this should not occur again, with the help of 
McDougall’s smear and careful inspection. 
With regard to direct loss in value of the carcase of the animal hg 
beef being what is called “ licked.'’ —In some able observations with 
which I was favoured by Mr. John Child, Managing Secretary of 
the Leeds and District Hide, &c., Company, as to details requisite 
for forming estimate of our British loss in the aggregate from 
Warble-attack, he mentions:—“The greatest loss on the worst 
carcases of beef I ever saw, taking a number together, would not 
be less than £1 per carcase, or 6d. per stone ; of course there are 
some exceptional cases worse than these, but they are rare—in fact 
so rare that they should not come within your calculations.” 
“I think I am right in saying that the depreciation in the value 
of licked carcases of beef is from 6d. per stone down to Id. per 
stone, and as the highest figure named comes in fewest number, 
the average figure for reduction in value should not be taken at 
more than 2 d. per stone. Take the average weight of cattle affected 
by ‘ lick ’ and ‘ Warble ’ at forty stone, we have thus a loss on the 
carcase of 6s. 8 d.” —J. C. 
