OBSERVATIONS 
ON 
WARBLE FLY or OX BOT FLY 
(Estrus bovis, Clark; Hypoderma bovis, DeGeer. 
Fig. 1 .—Hypoderma bovis. 1, egg; 2, maggot; 3 and 4, chrysalis-ease; 5 and 
6, fly; 3 and 5, nat. size, after Bracy Clark; the other figures after Brauer, and all 
magnified. 
Nearly two hundred years have elapsed since the first noticeably 
recorded observations were made on what we now know as the Warble 
Fly, scientifically the Hypoderma bovis of DeGeer. Those who wish to 
work up the early notes on this infestation, which, though often 
uncertain in identification, and dealing partially and incompletely with 
the subject, still lead on towards what we now have advanced to, will 
find a list of the chief writers, beginning with Yallisnieri in the year 
1710, in Friedrich Brauer’s invaluable book on the (Estrida .* Passing 
onwards down the list,—by the names of Reaumur, Linmeus, Geoffroy, 
DeGeer, Fabricius, and other well-known writers,—we arrive (at the 
date of 1797) at Bracy Clark, the eminent Veterinary Surgeon, of 
whom Prof. Westwood, the late Life-President of our own Ento- 
* ‘ Monographic der (Estriden,’ von Friedrich Brauer, pp. 124—126; Wien, 1863. 
