18 
WARBLE FLY. 
hides, that of a two-yeai'-old heifer, there were 300 warble-holes; and 
in another taken from an animal which died on consequent morti¬ 
fication of the back, there the warble-lioles were more than 400 in 
number. The accompanying figure (see previous page), giving some 
idea of this damaged hide, though necessarily in miniature, is from 
a photograph presented tome by Messrs. R. Parsons and Son, tanners, 
East Street, Taunton, of a piece of a yearling skin, 24 by 14 inches, 
containing 402 warble-holes. 
Loss on the hides is a very serious matter, and special estimates 
and calculations are given on this head by themselves further on ; but 
in the above observations the condition of the hide has chiefly been 
alluded to in connection with the illness or death of the attacked 
animal, of which the infested hide showed the cause, sometimes little 
suspected until attention chanced almost accidentally to be directed to 
Fig. 15. —Piece of under side of warbled hide ; warbles about half-size. 
From a photo by Messrs. Byrne, Richmond, Surrey. 
it, as in the observation of the late Mr. Magniac, of Colworth. But 
bad as this loss on hides is,—and to be counted by hundreds and even 
thousands of pounds per annum to individual firms,—this is only a 
