38 
WARBLE FLY. 
were free after May 30th, and the two others of these heavy classes 
were free (save two hides in one class and one in the other) respectively 
after June 27th and July 18th. 
It may also be seen that sometimes, at wh'at may be called the 
height of the warble season, the number of warbled hides exceeds 
that of the sound in some of the classes. On April 25tli entries occur 
amongst the ‘65 to 74 lbs.’ and the ‘55 lbs. and under’ hides 
respectively, of sales of 42 warbled and 38 sound, and 25 warbled to 
9 sound.” 
I was also favoured by the following valuable information from 
Messrs. Richard Markendale & Co., Manchester, which may stand as a 
very special example of the serious amount of the loss which is going 
forward. A return showing over 83,000 hides damaged by warble, 
and loss thereon of over £16,000 in one year, is a matter for serious 
consideration. 
The return I am favoured with is as follows :— 
“March 6th, 1889. Further to yours of January 14tli, 1889, 
re numbers warbled, and loss of hides passing through this market 
in one year. We now have much pleasure in sending you the 
information. 
“ 1888. Jan. to Dec. Number of hides, 250,740 total. 
,, ,, ,, ,, 83,580 warbled. 
Loss on same, £16,716 for one year.” 
—Messrs. Richard Markendale & Co., Limited, Hide, Skin, and Fat 
Market, Manchester. 
A glance at the sum totals of warbled hides, and’ calculations of 
loss thereon, will give some idea of the loss and waste of material that 
is going on, but very far from a full one. The returns show depreciation 
of market value, but it should also be considered (as pointed out by 
Messrs. Ramsey, of Glasgow, and Mr. Hill, President of the Sheffield 
Butchers’ Company) that this loss is quite independent of the sub¬ 
sequent waste of money consequent on the expenses of manufacture of 
damaged material, which, when finished, may be useless for the pur¬ 
poses needed. 
Messrs. Ramsey’s approximate estimate of this gives about double 
the original loss on the injured hides as the amount thus wasted to the 
community,—that is, to the national wealth. 
But further, although the bulk of the English hides are distributed 
from the hide-markets to the tanneries, there is still no small amount 
received directly by tanners from local farmers or butchers. 
On my application to Messrs. C. & H. Hatton, of the Barton 
Tannery, Hereford, as to their estimate of the loss suffered by them¬ 
selves from warble-injury, they drew my attention to this point, and 
added: - 
