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t 
be shortly stated as any amount from slight attack up 
to devastation of whole large districts. Some of the 
communications regarding amount of attack this year in 
this country mention “ the barley being very much 
injured ” (this on fields respectively of 33 and 15 acres); 
“ considerable damage” ; being “ struck with the number 
of broken-down stalks ”; and one estimate is of a 
“ loss of several bushels per acre ” (this from one English 
and three Scottish localities) ; and a general report sent 
to myself mentioned the attack in Scotland as having 
“ been observed in various counties widely apart, and 
causing considerable havoc to crops and anxiety to 
farmers.” Just as an example of amount of loss in the 
United States, in one State, at dates widely apart, it 
may be mentioned:—In New York State the loss last 
year through this attack was estimated at 100,000 dols.: 
in 1846 the insect was destructive through the whole 
State, and the loss in the western section was estimated 
at 500,000 bushels. Details of losses in various years 
and localities in U. S. A. from 1776 will be found in the 
Deport of the U. S. A. Ent. Commission, previously 
quoted. 
Appearance of attacked Crops. 
In Mr. Palmer’s notes of the appearance of his infested 
fields, he mentioned that at first he thought that the 
barley was “ simply root-fallen,” but on closely examining 
the stems he found that most of them had given way 
just above the second joint from the root, and then 
found that the maggot, of which the chrysalis was sent, 
was the cause of the attack; and in the report of the 
attack from near Perth there is similar mention of the 
broken-down stalks and small brown pupae found at the 
injured part. 
On examination in the fields near Hertford, on the 
30th of July, I found the stems doubled sharply down a 
little above the joint, as shown in fig. 1, No. 1, and between 
this double and the joint below there lay, closely pressed 
to the stem and covered by the sheathing-leaf, the 
