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to the crops sown alone or with clover or seeds. In the 
fields above mentioned the worst attacked were barley 
alone; the least attacked had clover and seeds. 
Rotation of crop which excludes wheat, barley, or rye 
on attacked land, is exceedingly important; the Hessian 
Ply only attacks some of the cereals, therefore all 
leguminous and root-crops are perfectly safe, and like¬ 
wise, as they cannot be used as food, help greatly in 
lessening the prevalence of the pest. 
The choice of kinds of corn with hard stems, such as 
cannot be easily injured by the suction of the maggot, 
is also particularly dwelt on and kinds named, but as 
these differ from our English kinds it is unnecessary to 
give the list. A summary of the above might be shortly 
stated thus, beginning at harvest-time* :— 
If possible reap so as to leave the “flax-seeds ” in the 
stubble, and destroy this infested stubble; otherwise 
treat the harvested straw so as to destroy them. 
If flies are likely to be about let the self-sown corn 
on fields that were infested sprout, and presently turn 
sheep on to feed off the infested plants, and then plough 
the remains in. Ploughing in infested stubble is also 
useful. “ Bait ” may also be had recourse to by sowing 
strips or patches of corn to attract the fly, and treating 
them as above. 
Late sowing, so that the young wheat will not be up 
until the autumn brood is dead, is a most important pre¬ 
caution, but, as it appears to be safe if put in after the 
beginning of October, this point is usually met in this 
country without special arrangements. 
Dressings, and mechanical measures, as rolling, &c., 
may or may not answer, according to circumstances. 
* In American treatment the great importance of preserving the insect 
parasites, which feed on the Hessian Fly in its early stages, is most 
urgently insisted on, as in that country they are as much looked to for 
keeping down the attack as Ladybirds are in our own as a check on Hop 
Aphis. Consequently burning stubbles, or burying them deeply, or other 
treatment which would kill parasites as well as pests, is thought doubt- i 
fully of. In the foregoing notes I have not entered on this consideration, 
because as yet we do not know that the parasite insects have followed in 
the train of the fly. 
