( 5 ) 
the animal to allay its sufferings may add to the evil below 
the hide, though we find the alteration exists where licking 
cannot reach; neither have I entered on effects of inflamma¬ 
tion produced by accidents, or illness; but only (as asked) on 
what is plainly caused by the maggots there found present. 
In my Annual Report, for years back, I have given in¬ 
formation, placed in my hands, of the loss from non-thriving, 
often, and death sometimes, from effect of warbles; and the 
presence of the altered state of tissues, which comes as above 
shown, ought to be known by all cattle owners. 
The accompanying figures show the progress of the mischief 
in the hide; firstly, the track down through the hide by which, as 
far as I see from my own observations, 
the newly-hatched and then worm¬ 
like maggot made its way down with 
its sharp-cutting hooks. This seems 
to me to be proved by the fact that 
the jagged-sided channel (not smooth¬ 
sided, as it would be if pierced by an 
egg-laying tube) leads in a slanting, 
or straight, or much curved direction 
Fig. 2.- 
-Section, magnified. 
from a little opening at the outside of the hide to where the 
then very minute maggot lies at the bottom. This may be 
proved by gentle squeezing, which sends a drop of blood 
along the passage; also I have found the tunnel cut partly 
down from the outside, and I have found a small soft body in 
it. Early in the attack the warble-hole and the passage down 
has not skinned over ; it is only torn and bloody, and can heal 
completely. Towards the latter part of the attack, when the 
maggot has grown to a thick leathery grub an inch long, and 
has forced the hole in which it lies to the shape given in 
fig. 2, a kind of film or false sort of 
skin has formed over the upper part 
of the surface of the cell, and even 
after the maggot is gone the scaly 
films prevent for a long time a proper 
joining up of the hole. The figure 
shows a section somewhat larger than 
life of the warble-cell, with the under fig. 3.—Section of warble-cell, 
tissues pressed out, as in the infested after soaking in water, 
hide just taken from the animal. 
Fig. 1, on first page, shows the inside of a piece of warbled 
hide, in which the cluster of warbles, though only about half 
size, give an idea of how these cells, each with a living maggot 
in them, of various sizes up to an inch long, must interfere 
with the healthy condition and comfort of the animal. 
