F. W. SCHUMACHER 
Jamaica Plain, Mass. 
Quercus rubra 
The value of the American Northern Red Oak as the most suitable tree for planting 
in connection with architectural projects of all kinds is more widely recognized in Europe 
than here in its own native country. 
Oaks have been used for more than a thousand years as the most permanent, and 
from a timber standpoint, most valuable trees for wind-break planting around the 
homesteads in the wind-swept plains of Northern Europe. Planted in a square, often 
twenty trees deep around the farm buildings, no more efficient wind-break could be 
imagined, no more convincing symbol be found for human power and racial pride. 
The great grandson, perhaps, would use for addition or repairs on farm buildings, 
the lumber of trees which his forefather planted almost a hundred years ago and would 
plant a new tree for each one cut. 
For our fast-living new age, the native oaks of Europe were too slow growing to 
satisfy the desire for an early showing, and the faster growing American Oak became a 
welcome substitute for the native kinds. Today the Red Oak is the most widely planted 
American deciduous tree in Europe second only to the Black Locust. As it thrives almost 
everywhere, even on light sandy ground it has also become a favorite with European 
forestsers. 
Having a greater spread and larger foliage than the European Oaks, it shades the 
ground better, produces more leaf litter and is therefore a better soil improver on poor 
ground than most other shade trees. 
There is no reason why its native country should neglect this fine tree which com¬ 
bines all qualities which may be expected from a deciduous tree. Besides hardiness it 
ranks high as a tree for beauty, is useful as a shade and shelter tree, for timber and as 
a food tree, producing large quantities of acorns, which make valuable food for swine 
and wild life on farms and in game preserves. For wind-breaks no stronger and more 
permanent tree could be found as it is anchored with a strong tap root and for that 
matter is drought resistant as hardly any other, and should make a valuable tree for 
erosion control and shelter belt planting as it may be planted from the acorns at site. 
The tap root is extended from the seedling the first season at more than ten times the 
growth of its top development into the moisture-holding subsoil. Very little cultivation 
is required for the young plants which will hold their own, even under a cover of weeds. 
Rapid growth will follow after the initial slow development during the first three years. 
Acorns may be planted as late as the end of May. 
We predict a glorious future for the American Red Oak. Plant this noble tree, 
wherever permanency is required. 
RHAMNUS oz. M lb. lb. 
cathartica—Common Buckthorn, Clean seed. .15 .55 1.75 
An extremely hardy shrub or small tree often planted for hedges and wind¬ 
breaks and as food for birds. 
frangula—Glossy Buckthorn, Clean seed. .15 .40 1.25 
RHUS 
canadensis—Fragrant Sumac. .15 .30 1.00 
A good ground cover shrub for borders and woodland plantings. 
glabra—Smooth Sumac.. . . .15 .25 .75 
This and the following are two extremely hardy shrubs adapted for planting 
on banks, dry slopes and bare places. 
typhina—Staghorn Sumac. .15 .25 .75 
ROBINIA 
pseudoacacia—Common Locust. .15 .20 .50 
Our most adaptable native tree naturalized everywhere in Eastern North 
America and all over Northern Europe. A valuaole forest tree extensively 
planted for reforesting. 
pseudoacacia inermis—Thornless Locust. .15 .35 1.00 
ROSA 
blanda—Meadow Rose, a small native rose. .15 .35 1.10 
canina—Dogbrier, Clean seed. .15 .25 .75 
A vigorous rambling rose from Europe with arching branches, an excellent 
shelter plant for all kinds of wild life. Clean seed. 
humilis—Pasture Rose. .15 .35 1.10 
lucida—Virginia Rose. .20 .45 1.50 
nitida—Bristley Rose. .15 .35 1.10 
rubiginosa—Sweetbrier Rose, Clean seed . .. .25 .60 2.00 
With apple scented foliage, much like canina. 
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