78 
I. NAGAI : 
and others 1 have reported, the reaction place seems to be chiefly located in 
the cytoplasm. All the genes must be retained in the nuclear substance of the 
sporophytic cell in some latent state, and the reaction done by them in the 
cell to produce the pigment must be realized by some sort of substances derived 
from the nucleus. The actual relation between the substance of genes in the 
nucleus and the mechanism in the cytoplasm conditioned by the former, is 
known to none of us. It seems therefore altogether premature to speculate, 
as certain biologists might propose, that the gene itself is the enzyme. Even 
in the pure chemical field, we do not know as yet the exact chemical nature 
and the mode of action of enzymes. 
Ill Summary and Conclusion. 
In a number of species of plants examined, two groups of pigments 
anthocyanins and the reddish brown pigments (phlobaphenes) can be traced 
to the chromogenic substances, previous to their formation. In certain cases, 
both of the pigments can be formed from the same chromogenic substance by 
the action of various complementary pigment-yielding agencies. 
The chromogenic substances can be identified to two groups of allied sub¬ 
stances, one of which is designated as the chromogenic substance F which 
includes the glucoside of certain flavones and flavonols, and the other, the 
chromogenic substance P of which the chemical nature is yet unknown. 
Evidence is given to show that certain brown and reddish brown pigments 
(phlobaphenes) are the oxidation products of the chromogenic substance P and 
F. 
Certain anthocyanins are completely decolorized by the action of oxidizing 
enzymes. 
Certain flavones, flavonols and their glucosides yield a characteristic oxida¬ 
tion colour by the action of oxidizing enzymes. 
1. Guileiebmond, A., Sur la formation de l'anthocyane au sein des mitocliondries. Comp. 
Rend. Acad. Sei. Paris. 156 :1924. 1913. —Gltxliermond, Nouvelles recherches cytologiques sur la 
formation des pigments anthocyaniques. Ibid, 157:1090, 1913. —Guillieemond, Quelques obser¬ 
vations cytologiques sur la mode de formation des pigments anthocyaniques dans les fleurs. 
Ibid. 161: 494, 1915. —Guieliermond, Recherches cytologiques sur la formation des pigments 
anthocyaniques. Rev. Gene. Bot. France. 25:295, 1914.— Mobeaux, F., Loc. cit.— Mirande, M., 
Observation sur le vivant de la formation cytologique de 1’ anthocyanine. Comp. Rend. Acad. Sei. 
Paris. 163:368, 1916. 
