32 
ACTIVE ALBUMEN 
these bases, which remarkably easily and without producing 
injury can penetrate the living protoplasm. It is different how¬ 
ever, if we apply stronger bases (and their salts), as for instance : 
guanidin, methylamin, propylamin, anilin, toluylendiamin, atro- 
pin, amarin, piperidin, coniin, nicotin, chinin, strychnin, morphin, 
codeïn, chinolin or pyridin in o,1-0,3 percent solutions. Here 
also we observe granulations, but they do not coalesce to droplets, 
and solidify soon, becoming entirely insoluble in water. The 
protoplasm itself is also attacked with more or less energy by all 
these bases and killed quickly by chinin and strychnin, more 
slowly by morphin, atropin or pyridin. I} —Of inorganic bases: 
ammonia and its carbonate, hydroxylamin, caustic soda, and 
caustic potash produce like results : very minute granulations 
and quick death of the cells. But these bases have to be applied 
only in 0,1-0,01 per cent solutions for a production of a more 
intense granulation; a 1 per cent solution of ammonia will yield a 
lesser granulation, than a 0,2 p. mille solution ; and a 5 per cent 
solution will change the active albumen so rapidly that no granu¬ 
lations at all result. Very dilute caustic potassa produces a 
more intense granulation than a corresponding solution of caustic 
soda ; but neither carbonates nor secondary phosphates of these 
two bases, nor limewater can produce any granulations worth 
mentioning. 
We have seen, that a highly labil, easily changeable albumi¬ 
nous substance is often stored up in plant-cells, that it is used 
up in growth and multiplication of cells, and that it behaves 
towards ammonia and alkaline silversolution like an aldehyde. 
We have found on the other hand (Chapt. Ill), that a series of 
toxicological facts point to the presence of aldehyde-groups in the 
proteids of the living protoplasm. This leads us to the logical 
conclusion, that our labil reserve-albumen is the very substance 
which yields by the organisation-process the living protoplasm, 
that it is active albumen, chemically but not morphologically 
identical with the active albumen of the living protoplasm. That 
this active albumen in the not-organised state is a little less 
labil, than in the organised state is intelligible, it brings on 
-—---*- 
1) Nitrogenous substances deficient of basic qualities do not produce proteo- 
somes, as: skatol, hydrobenzomid, dimethyloxypyrimidin, leucin, tyrosin, asparagin, 
allantoin, kreatin. 
