ON THE SCALE INSECT OF MULBERRY TREES. log 
Female.—The body is flattened nearly oval, light yellow in 
color, and covered sparsely with either club-shaped or simple 
hairs. It is composed of nine segments and on the lateral 
margins of the segments from the 3rd to the 9th, there are beset 
a number of long simple or 2-3 divided spines ending with an 
extremely fine slender filament. The dorsal surface of the body 
is marked by several depressions or wrinkles, and its anterior 
portion is broader and rounded, while the posterior is abruptly 
narrowed towards the free end. There is generally no demar- 
kation between the head, thorax and abdomen, and the entire sur¬ 
face of the body is marked with very fine wavy striations lying 
very closely to each other. The lateral sides of the body are 
marked symmetrically with blunt processes of unequal size, which 
however indicate the segments of the body. The segment-lines 
of the body are rather hard to perceive, but on the posterior 
portion they become conspicuous. Besides these processes, the 
segments of the body are to be recognized by rows of oval figures, 
which lie along the boundary line of a few posterior segments. 
Judging from the boundary lines marked with figures, as well as 
the lateral processes, we may say that there are nine segments, 
which compose the body (Figs. 2, and 3, PI. I). 
Pygidium.—This is composed of the two last segments (8th 
and 9th), and is much more chitinous and hard than the remain¬ 
ing segments (Figs. 4, and 5, PI. I.). The dorsal surface of the 
pygidium is deep orange yellow, and of an almost triangular 
form. Its surface is uniformly marked out with longitudinal 
parallel fine striations, and a little above the middle portion 
of this plate lies a single round opening (anus), while all over 
the surface are several elongated marks. On either side of the 
dorsal side of the pygidium, that is, on the boundary line between 
the 7th and 8th, and the 8th and 9th segments, there lies a row 
of oval figures mentioned above, which are more or less irregu¬ 
larly arranged one after another. These rows of oval figures are 
not limited to this region, but two imperfect rows of them may 
also be found on each of the boundary lines (dorsal) of the 5th 
and 6th, and the 6th and 7th segments. These oval figures 
secrete delicate transparent band-like materials which are used 
as the constituents of the scales (Fig. 4, PI. I.). When highly 
magnified, these lines are more or less conspicuous by a darker 
