ON THE SCALE INSECT OF MULBERRY TREES. II5 
The extended rostral setae are comparatively long, measuring 
0,47 mm. in length, and are yellow in color. The body is covered 
with sparse fine hairs, and its form as well as the antennæ, 
legs, the two processes and bristles on the last segment, is similar 
to those of the previous stage, the only difference being the in¬ 
creased size. The chief characteristic in this stage is the 
presence of two small openings (secretory pores) dorsally on the 
space between the two simple eyes (Fig. 13. PI. IL). These 
openings lie at the end of a short chitinous tube embedded with¬ 
in the body, and from each of the openings, is spun out a sticky 
continuous silky thread which covers loosely the hinder portion 
of the larval body. When the threads are thus spun out, they 
dry up by exposure to the air, and the mucous envelope (?) of the 
threads is peeled off in a form of small hemispherical pieces, 
which present the appearance of white dust on the posterior 
portion of the larvae (Fig. 15, 15, a. PI. II.). On either side 
of the mouth region, that is, at the base of the secretory pores, 
there may be seen through the skin a concentrically coiled 
thread, which seems to be of the same nature as silky thread 
spun out of the secretory pores. 
The spiracles (Fig. 14. sp. PI. II.) are simple and small open¬ 
ings. One pair of them opens ventrally on the first and third 
segments of the body. In this stage, it seems there is still no 
distinction between male and female larvæ. 
Some days after the larvae have attached themselves to the 
bark,they moult again and change to either male or female pupae. 
At the time of moulting, the skin of the larvae splits up lengthwise 
on the ventral side, and there comes out a pupa, which remains 
still for some time beneath the moulted skin, while later the body 
of the pupa protrudes posteriorly from the moulted skin. 
The male pupa is oval, somewhat depressed, sac-like in 
form, measuring 0,5 mm. and 0,3 mm. in length and breadth, 
and has a light greenish yellow color (Fig. 16, 16, a. PI. II.). 
It has no limbs or even the rudiments of wings; but the pos¬ 
terior portion of the body is marked with some transverse lines 
showing a number of segments. The three regions of the body 
are not distinct. The two pairs of dark reddish brown ru¬ 
dimentary eyes lie near the front edge of the body, and still 
anteriorly on the ventral surface of the same, there is projected 
